Cited by 250Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsLiver physiology and pathology

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and the Role of Antioxidants

Mehta, Kapil, Van Thiel, David H., Shah, Nikunj, Mobarhan, Sohrab·2002·Nutrition Reviews

DOI 10.1301/002966402320387224

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Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a wide spectrum of liver injury ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Whereas simple steatosis has a benign clinical course, steatohepatitis is a recognized cause of progressive liver fibrosis and can develop into cirrhosis. NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the two most common chronic liver diseases in United States general population with a prevalence of 20% and 3%, respectively. Hepatic steatosis is frequently associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia with insulin resistance as a key pathogenic factor. A two-hit theory best describes the progression from simple steatosis to NASH, fibrosis, or cirrhosis. These two hits consist of the accumulation of excessive hepatic fat primarily owing to insulin resistance, and oxidative stress owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are the major cellular source of ROS in cases of NASH. Currently, treatment is focused on modifying risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine, betaine, and others may be beneficial in the treatment of NASH.

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Authors: Mehta, K., Van Thiel, D. H., Shah, N., & Mobarhan, S.
Affiliations: Loyola University Medical Center (US)
Drs. Mehta, VanThiel, Shah, and Mobarhan arewith the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
ORCID: Shah, Nikunj
Venue: Nutrition Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2002-09-01
Volume: 60
Issue: 9
Pages: 289-293
ISSN: 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
1753-4887
DOI: 10.1301/002966402320387224
OpenAlex: W2123856468
Cited by: 250
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 7.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, insulin resistance, two-hit theory, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine, betaine, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia
MeSH terms: Antioxidants, Fatty Liver, Humans

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and the Role of Antioxidants

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