A quick guide to survey research
Open accessAbstract
Questionnaires are a very useful survey tool that allow large populations to be assessed with relative ease. Despite a widespread perception that surveys are easy to conduct, in order to yield meaningful results, a survey needs extensive planning, time and effort. In this article, we aim to cover the main aspects of designing, implementing and analysing a survey as well as focusing on techniques that would improve response rates.
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Comprehensive reporting guidelines for survey research are limited, and substantial variabilities and inconsistencies exist in the reporting of survey studies.
“Although many surveys have been published in high-impact journals, comprehensive reporting guidelines for survey research are limited 13, 14 and substantial variabilities and inconsistencies can be identified in the reporting of survey studies.”
From A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS) (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The Conclusions and Distribution and collection sections discuss survey design and guidelines for improving response rates, not the availability of comprehensive reporting guidelines. Searches for limited reporting guidelines and inconsistencies in reporting survey studies found no passage addressing either claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale
Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037562 · Cited by 5,494 · see citing works
Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Arnold, R., & Hodges, J. R. (2006) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1610 · Cited by 2,016 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [1]Alderman AK, Salem B. Survey research. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 126: 1,381– 1,389 20885261
- [2]Edwards PJ, Roberts I, Clarke MJ et al Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: MR000008. PMC8941848 19588449
- [4]Jones D, Story D, Clavisi O et al An introductory guide to survey research in anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2006; 34: 245– 253 16617649
- [7]Mahon-Haft TA, Dillman DA. Does visual appeal matter? Effects of web survey aesthetics on survey quality. Surv Res Methods 2010; 4: 43– 59
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A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS)
Sharma, A., Minh Duc, N. T., Luu Lam Thang, T., Nam, N. H., Ng, S. J., Abbas, K. S., Huy, N. T., Marušić, A., Paul, C. L., Kwok, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-06737-1 · Cited by 2,292 · see citing works
Christodoulou, E., Markopoulou, V., & Koutelidakis, A. E. (2024) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint5010003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jones, T., Baxter, M., & Khanduja, V
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Khanduja, V
- ORCID
- Khanduja, V
- Venue
- The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England
- Publisher
- Royal College of Surgeons of England
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-7
- ISSN
- 0035-8843 (ISSN-L)
- 1478-7083
- PMC
- PMC3964639
- OpenAlex
- W4296142165
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- survey research, questionnaire design, survey implementation, survey data analysis, response rate, survey planning
- MeSH terms
- Health Surveys, Humans, Postal Service, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research Design, Telephone, Internet
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