The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 15 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel
Open accessAbstract
Summary This paper addresses different ways of handling and manipulating visuality as displayed by the book of Ezekiel in reports on ‘vision’ (especially chs. 1, 10) and so-called ‘sign acts’ (especially chs. 4-5). In the central part, I summarize and update my previous studies, which followed a strictly historical-critical approach combining biblical exegesis with iconography and other ancient Near Eastern background materials. The introduction and conclusion address more theory-driven questions related to visuality, gaze, and visual culture. It is argued that ancient texts may reflect the particular visual environments in which they were authored or transmitted, and that the texts under review here display distinct visual culture backgrounds (roughly: Babylonian, Levantine, Egyptian), which may inform us on different locations of both authors/redactors and audiences; that ancient scribes may have been more or less exposed to such visual regimes, and hence their writings seem to be more or less familiar with visual features; that visualization serves different aims and strategies of communication when vision or ‘sign acts’ are reported; and that the reports also imply different cognitive stances (prophetic insight based on scholarly knowledge vs. persuasive performance) towards the objects of vision which they put on show before their readers’ mind
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Uehlinger compares two modes of visualization in Ezekiel — the public "sign-acts" of chs. 4–5 and the inaugural vision of ch. 1 — arguing that they draw on different kinds of visual knowledge and address different audiences. The sign-acts work through easily legible stereotypes and deliberate ambiguity, while the vision mobilizes elite Babylonian cosmological scholarship and iconography, later reworked by scribes in Palestine into something increasingly fantastic.
Key findings
- The sign-acts of Ezek. 4–5 operate with "easily identifiable stereotypes" and are deliberately ambiguous about the city's identity until the verbal disclosure "This is Jerusalem" (5:5); Uehlinger argues the brick drawing was a vertical view of a city, not a ground-plan, since city ground-plans are not attested in the Neo-Babylonian period.
- The earliest content of Ezekiel's inaugural vision "clearly place[s] it in a Babylonian cultural environment," drawing on Assyro-Babylonian/Late Babylonian cosmological conceptions; the author is posited to have had "considerable exposure to Babylonian cosmological scholarship."
- Some features of the vision "could not possibly have been imagined in Babylonia" — e.g., the four different faces of the ḥayôt and bodies covered with eyes, which Uehlinger dates to roughly the fourth century BCE and locates with scribes in Palestine, near Egypt and the southern Levant.
- The identification of the ḥayôt with the kĕrûbîm "would have made no sense to a Babylonian expert," indicating that later scribal harmonization was driven by scroll-internal consistency rather than actual visual culture.
Methods
- Historical-critical exegesis combined with ancient Near Eastern iconography and comparative background materials, framed by theory on visuality, gaze, and visual culture.
- Two case studies: the sign-acts of Ezek. 4–5 and the inaugural vision of Ezek. 1, the latter analyzed synoptically with Ezek. 10–11 to reconstruct redactional growth.
- Comparative analysis of roughly contemporary iconography (cylinder seals, glyptics, the 'Ain Dārā temple) and cuneiform scholarly sources (mystical/explanatory works, commentaries) against the biblical text.
Limitations
- The author states the paper "cannot present genuinely new data or interpretations" and that it was published "in a somehow sketchy state of conceptualization"; it summarizes and updates earlier 1987 and 2001 studies.
- The account "rests on a hypothetical reconstruction of an early stage of the inaugural vision," and the author notes we "lack well-grounded information about the availability and accessibility of Babylonian scholarship to a Judahite outsider."
- The paper acknowledges (citing Nissinen) that "we don't know much about Ezekiel's audience" and that this gap cannot be filled by importing other Judahites known from the Āl-Yāḫūdu or Murāšû tablets.
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Claims the paper makes
59 Own interpretation · 26 No basis given · 13 Sources not found · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own result
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“one major effect of this coordination process was the identification of the h .ayôt in ch. 1 with the k@rûbîm of ch.8-11.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Such a feature occurs indeed in roughly contemporary iconography, though more often of early Achaemenid date, in the form of a wheel which sometimes seems to be stylized as a shining or brilliant entity”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [51]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I argued that the scratch drawing on the brick did probably not represent a ground-plan but a vertical view of the city to be besieged, stylized according to the conventions of the time.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: In the Neo-Babylonian period, groundplans of cities are not attested (or implied by texts), only for fields and individual buildings.
In the paper
“the book of Ezekiel, unlike the books of Jeremiah or Isaiah, is devoid of polemics against Babylon and her gods or cults.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Rather than being concerned with the hierophany of a (the) deity alone, Ezekiel's inaugural vision provides an insight into a whole cosmological system.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [53]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it also becomes clear that there must have been some effect from ch. 10 on ch. 1 once the two chapters figured on the same scroll.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some of Ezekiel's sign-acts were severely transgressive with regard to social and ritual expectations towards a priest.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 71
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the enhancement of traditional theophanic motives with considerably more sophisticated Babylonian cosmological knowledge seems to have provided to the prophet-priest the epistemic foundation for a new perspective on the supreme god's dominion, a god whom the Babylonian scholars called Marduk or Bēl but whom Ezekiel himself and his followers would recognize as Yahweh.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is argued that ancient texts may reflect the particular visual environments in which they were authored or transmitted”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As much as with theology, the earliest layer of Ezek. 1 is concerned with cosmology.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 55
- It may state two separate claims as one. 39
- The quote only partly states this claim. 5
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ch. 10-11 tells how the divine kābôd left the Jerusalem temple before the city came to be besieged again.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ezekiel's signacts are presented more than once as openly transgressive operations.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The h .ayôt were thus straightforwardly identified with the k@rûbîm, the 'ôfanîm with the galgal, etc., inducing an ongoing process of harmonization during quite some time guided by the need of scroll-internal consistency.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“two namings of Jerusalem within ch. 4 should be understood, one as a scribal gloss (v.1: 'et=y@rûšālāim), the other as part of a redactional amplification (v.7: w@='el-m@s .ôr y@rûšālaim tākîn pānekā).”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The latter consistently place this 'wheel' under the winged disk, which both represents the heavens and often one of its major inhabitants, whether the sun-god (the most visible to the human eye when appearing on the lower sky) or the major god of the middle sky above.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the visionary nucleus, appearing to 'Ezekiel' from the midst of a dark mass of cloud and lightning, first consisted of four 'beings' or 'creatures' (h .ayôt) of human likeness with human face and arms, but straight legs and young bull's hooves as well as four wings each,”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While this feature may appear together with other planetary and astral symbols in Neo-Assyrian glyptics, it also appears alone, and always so, on somewhat later seals.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an early stage of these chapters, the kābôd was related to the k@rûbîm.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zimmerli's literary-critical analysis was flawed by two methodological limitations: He analyzed ch. 1 only for itself as a self-contained composition, and he assumed a one-way influence from ch. 1 to ch. 10 only but not vice versa.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the sign-acts and the inaugural vision draw on very different types of visual knowledge: The former operate with easily identifiable stereotypes, whereas the latter mobilizes much more elite knowledge.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we have observed both in sign-acts and in visionary texts some significant features which can only be understood with reference to the visual culture of a Babylonian background; others which can best be explained through visual culture, but not of Babylonia; still others which cannot be understood from visual culture at all, whether Babylonian or otherwise.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Persian-period tablets from the Persepolis Fortification archives include sealings which were apparently made from Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian cylinder seals.59”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The faces themselves were then multiplied to four each, which added vision on all sides to those beings.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The deity was enclosed by a shrine (bayit, rather than just a”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Above these creatures appeared the heavenly firmament (raqîa?),”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“each of the k@rûbîm (and by consequence, of the h .ayôt) should have had four different faces.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is the one”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That Judahite scribes could identify the two (and ultimately produce literary creatures which had no clear correspondence in contemporary iconography anymore)”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While there is no hint in Ezek. 4 that the performance should be regarded as the causal movens of what would actually happen to Jerusalem, it is quite obvious (and the verbal explanation of ch. 5 leaves no room for doubt) that the performance is meant to be in close correspondence to what would ultimately happen in Jerusalem.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 71
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eyes covering the k@rûbîm's bodies which in the final text of ch. 1 are said to cover the wheels (or spheres).”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Above this expanse appeared a lapis lazuli throne, on which was seated an anthropomorphic deity, whose precise contours were however difficult to ascertain to the visionary since they appeared again in an exceptionally brilliant light of burning amber.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only with the verbal explanation would the referent of these actions become definitely clear.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The exiles of the Jehoiachin (597) displacement were in dispute about whether to support Jerusalem's resistance to Nebuchadnezzar.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“What is at stake in this concept of a wheel or sphere is, if you will, circularity, that is the regular movement of astral bodies visible to the human eye on the lower heaven.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Babylonian society, sophisticated cosmology mattered to advanced students and scholars only.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in spite of all the textual evidence speaking against it”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“such an identification would have made no sense to a Babylonian expert, whether craftsman or scholar, since the human-bovine kusarikkû and the more leonine k@rûbîm are really not of the same kind nor did they ever have the same functions in Mesopotamian mythological thought.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I would postulate that the author of Ezek. 1 (in its initial version) had considerable exposure to Babylonian cosmological scholarship”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They would have raised astonishment, perhaps even scandal, among contemporaries as much as they do so for any informed reader of the book.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 71
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The original key of the ominous visionary message seems to have been lost at some time, probably when the scroll was disconnected from its originally Babylonian background.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ancient scribes may have been more or less exposed to such visual regimes, and hence their writings seem to be more or less familiar with visual features”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the reports also imply different cognitive stances (prophetic insight based on scholarly knowledge vs. persuasive performance) towards the objects of vision which they put on show before their readers' mind”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cuneiform scholarship had long developed over centuries as a multi-layered knowledge system within an epistemic culture that favoured cumulative knowledge and a”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although Ezekiel's sign-acts are known to us only through carefully crafted literary accounts, they seem to operate in the mode of actual performances addressing a public audience.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“visual information is here encoded in a drawing of a city scratched onto a brick, a model siege and various typical actions that could easily be understood by contemporaries of the prophet and which appeal to stereotypical representations; language, in contrast, can attribute indexical information and put a name even on the most stereotyped of images of a city.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Viewed from a distance, there is no need to make too strong a separation between acts of putative 'sympathetic magic' (that is, ritually controlled and divinely induced actions which the performer is convinced to be in severe correspondence with divine will and thus of necessary consequence), and performances such as the siege sequence of Ezek. 4.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 71
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“at least some of the sign-acts seem to go beyond pure show and operate with the seriousness of an incantatory performance.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it has no relation whatsoever with iconography or visual culture.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“More than any other biblical book, the book of Ezekiel is replete with images of different kinds 17 : vision reports, accounts of visually conspicuous ac-”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Keel, Die Geschichte Jerusalems (n.4), 678
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“It is probably within learned circles as well that the author of Ezek. 1 would have been exposed, if ever, to actual iconography of the time related to what he expounded in the vision report.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some features of the vision, however, could not possibly have been imagined in Babylonia and must be explained otherwise.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the texts under review here display distinct visual culture backgrounds (roughly: Babylonian, Levantine, Egyptian), which may inform us on different locations of both authors/redactors and audiences”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But they do seem to have been actual shows staged in public space.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The connection between the two was developed in the learned commentaries and so-called 'mystical and explanatory' works.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“On the assumption that the visionary saw the same deity in a consistent cosmological environment, once in heaven and once moving from the temple, ancient scribes musing over these texts and copying them anew must necessarily have been inclined to add to their consistency.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The visionary saw the same deity in a consistent cosmological environment, once in heaven and once moving from the temple.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“the ultimate result was merkābâ, a term not attested in Ezek. 1 but consistently read into that chapter since the Hellenistic period (1Chr.28:18, Sir.49:8, mHag 2:1 etc.) until this day.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites 1Chr.28:18
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Sir.49:8
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites mHag 2:1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One of the most interesting aspects of the nonverbal actions in ch. 4 seems to be the contrast between their absolutely clear content (siege, starvation, annihilation … after all, a sign or signifying performance is at issue here) and the large ambiguity of silence regarding the actual identity of the city and its inhabitants so represented.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The exiles of the Jehoiachin (597) displacement were in dispute about whether to support Jerusalem's resistance to Nebuchadnezzar.
In the paper
“I suggest that we consider Ezekiel's inaugural vision in its earliest form as a piece of scholarship as much as a testimony to the early and exceptional acculturation of a learned Judahite exile to the Babylonian academia.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ezek. 1 looks to me like a composite text which testifies to an intense and fascinating struggle for meaning by several generations of scribes.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“such images were unknown in Babylonia and would for sure have been misunderstood as monstrous creatures in a Babylonian context.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Once brought into the same literary horizon, the question arose how the one entourage (of kābôd) related to the other (the k@rûbîm).”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the advanced Late-Babylonian scholar, canonical mythology and astronomy represented and provided different levels of understanding of the same reality.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it seems very probable that the original account was somewhat shorter and presented a more straightforward progression from initial siege through starvation to conquest and annihilation of the cities' inhabitants.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in contrast to one Hananyah's or Jeremiah's performances, those described in the book of Ezekiel carry a certain ambiguity and reflectiveness which would well befit an 'intellectual'”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Various commentators have provided good arguments that ch. 4 had a rather complicated redaction history.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus assuming a tension that, to my own candid reading, is not so much inherent in the text but dialectically emphasized, and then resolved, by the exegete in the first place.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 71
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The very concept of merkābâ (which of course draws on the archaic concept of travelling deities, especially storm-gods) provides emblematic proof that with the scroll's transfer from Babylonia to Palestine, and its removal from a sophisticated scholarly environment to a more parochial scribal community, mythological imagination would take the lead over once cosmologically interested knowledge, and”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The supreme god is an essential part of that system which operates under his authority; but the system clearly operates according to mixed rules, combining technicality (the wheels), agency (the creatures) and a governing intentionality (rûah .).”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That knowledge seems to have been acquired through formal education and/or interaction with Babylonian scholars, but also apparently through the medium of cylinder seals.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Cylinder seals were at that time slowly running out of fashion, being more and more supplanted by conoid stamp seals that could serve for sealing both clay tablets and bullae.
- Rests on an assumption: Cylinder seals continued to be produced but only for a minority of traditionalists or high-level officials.
- Rests on an assumption: Cylinder seals had greater prestige and were sometimes transmitted as family heritage over several generations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The two genres have in common that they relate instances of unusual experiential and physical participation of the prophet; both attribute an essential social role to 'Ezekiel' as a medium communicating knowledge of a peculiar kind to his contemporaries.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This idea of circularity is further (maybe later?) developed in the text in the concept of four 'ôfanîm, a concept that goes beyond what we know from contemporary iconography.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He must have considered that knowledge to be advanced and meaningful, the ultimate asset of a society he probably experienced as considerably more complex and sophisticated than the one he had left behind in Jerusalem.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The actions follow each other in a logical sequence and gain in dramatic intensity: first, a siege is laid against a model city drawn on a brick (1); subsequent actions make clear that this siege is nonrevokable (2) and that it will last over an extended period of time (3).”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
boosteddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“implies that their concern and task was not affected by actual visual culture and imagination, but related to the scroll and to ongoing debates about the latter's ominous meaning.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both developments must have occurred at a time (roughly the fourth century BCE) when the Ezekiel scroll was in the hands of scribes operating in Palestine, that is close to Egypt and the southern Levant, and not in Babylonia.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One consequence in the later Jewish tradition would be the development of a 'cosmology in a new key' of sorts, that is, an 'esoteric' cosmology interpreting the cosmos according to putative revelation and mythology alone rather than in accordance with empirical observation.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this very idea is probably a secondary rationalization of a difficult textual feature”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the scribes' increasingly scroll-internal and ultimately 'innerbiblical' concerns would also lead to a progressive disconnection of our chapter from actual cosmological discourses, as they continued to be developed among Babylonian and Levantine scholars, and a growing tendency toward literary fiction.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Die Welt des Orients downloaded from www.vr-elibrary.de by Zentralbibliothek Zürich on July, 2 2018
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It comes with the full weight of higher education and cultural capital, something that may have more impressed the elders gathering in Ezekiel's house rather than the commoners in the street among the Judahite exiles.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“visions and vision reports function along quite different lines and codes of communication.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Visualizing strategies in the book of Ezekiel
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Visionaries claim to have been granted special knowledge; their authority, the authority of the claim and of the visionary himself rest on the recognition of the medium by their audience or readership.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The implied audience they require would presume considerable cultural knowledge and reflexivity, including visual competence.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sign-acts and visions (or rather, reports on visions) may be considered as two different genres operating on two different levels of communication between a god and his Judahite subjects, a process controlled by the prophetpriest acting as the intermediary.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the vision is certainly meant to legitimate the medium, it still needs to be recognized by the latter's audience.The same holds true for the sign-acts.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As it happens, the Āl-YāXūdu, Murāšû and other lots of tablets are interested neither in cosmology nor in politics;”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But the sign-act accounts and the vision reports both have an implied audience, in addition to audiences explicitly mentioned in chs.12 and 24.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Martti Nissinen has rightly stressed at our seminar that we don't know much about Ezekiel's audience and that we cannot compensate this lack by just bringing into the picture other Judahites as we happen to know them from the Āl-YāXūdu or the later Murāšû tablets.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The exiles of the Jehoiachin (597) displacement were in dispute about whether to support Jerusalem's resistance to Nebuchadnezzar.
“In a context of dispute among the exiled of the Jehoiachin (597) displacement, some would have regarded favourably the attempts of their Jerusalem relatives to resist the power of Nebuchadnezzar, while others may have held a more skeptical view.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In the Neo-Babylonian period, groundplans of cities are not attested (or implied by texts), only for fields and individual buildings.
“Groundplans of cities are attested in much earlier periods (early second millennium), but in the Neo-Babylonian period they are to my knowledge attested (or implied by texts) only for fields and individual buildings, not for cities.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The basic assumption in both ritual and communicative performance is that the enactment represents a process unfolding in actual reality controlled by divine causality and ascertained by the performer.
“The basic assumption in both ritual and communicative performance is that the enactment represents a process unfolding in actual reality controlled by divine causality and ascertained by the performer.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The visionary saw the same deity in a consistent cosmological environment, once in heaven and once moving from the temple.
“On the assumption that the visionary saw the same deity in a consistent cosmological environment, once in heaven and once moving from the temple”
The paper relies on this without support.
Commentators over centuries have laboured in vain to make sense of the complicated movements of the hayôt, k@rûbîm and 'ofanîm according to the Masoretic text of Ezekiel 1 and 10.
“Commentators over centuries have been labouring to no avail to make sense, in terms of properly working mechanics, of the complicated movements of the h .ayôt, k@rûbîm and 'ofanîm according to the Masoretic text of Ezek. 1 and 10.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cylinder seals were at that time slowly running out of fashion, being more and more supplanted by conoid stamp seals that could serve for sealing both clay tablets and bullae.
“the latter were at that time slowly running out of fashion, being more and more supplanted by conoid stamp seals that could serve for sealing both clay tablets and bullae.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cylinder seals continued to be produced but only for a minority of traditionalists or high-level officials.
“Cylinder seals continued to be produced but for a minority of traditionalists or highlevel officials only.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cylinder seals had greater prestige and were sometimes transmitted as family heritage over several generations.
“They seem to have had greater prestige though, and were considered so precious belongings that they would sometimes be transmitted as family heritage over several generations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Visionaries claim to have been granted special knowledge; their authority, the authority of the claim and of the visionary himself rest on the recognition of the medium by their audience or readership.
“Visionaries claim to have been granted special knowledge; their authority, the authority of the claim and of the visionary himself rest on the recognition of the medium by their audience or readership.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The conceptual designation of a discrete 'magical' tradition rests on problematic assumptions, even though the concept is well-established among Assyriologists.
“The conceptual designation itself of a discrete 'magical' tradition rests on problematic assumptions, however well-established the concept may be among Assyriologists.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Virtual Vision vs. Actual Show: Strategies of Visualization in the Book of Ezekiel 83
“Rom-Shiloni, Exclusive Inclusivity (n.23), esp.140-185.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
“22 On Ezek.4-5, see also Karin Schöpflin, Theologie als Biographie im Ezechielbuch.Ein Beitrag zur Konzeption alttestamentlicher Prophetie (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 36; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2002), 199-224; Dalit Rom-Shiloni, Exclusive Inclusivity.Identity Conflicts between the Exiles and the People who Remained (6th-5th Centuries BCE)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study II:
“30 Friebel, op.cit.(n.22), 243.”
§ Virtual vision vs. actual show: Strategies of visualization in the Book of Ezekiel > Case study I: Ezek. 4-5
“21 K. G. Friebel, Jeremiah's and Ezekiel's Sign-Acts.Rhetorical Nonverbal Communication (Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement 283; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999).”
Citations
Cites
Academic Tribes and Territories: Intellectual Enquiry and the Cultures of Disciplines
Bayer, A. E., Becher, T., & Keynes, M. (1991) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1982146 · Cited by 2,736
Marcos, N. F., & Sen, F. (1993) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 824
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF RELIGION
Crenshaw, J. L. (1969) · Journal of the American Academy of Religion · doi:10.1093/jaarel/xxxvii.3.300 · Cited by 736
(2022) · Hebrew Union College Annual · doi:10.15650/hebruniocollannu · Cited by 197
History, Historiography and Interpretation. Studies in Biblical and Cuneiform Literatures
Emerton, J. A., Postgate, J. N., Tadmor, H., et al. (1984) · Vetus Testamentum · doi:10.2307/1518289 · Cited by 76
Holly, M. A. (1996) · Cornell University Press eBooks · doi:10.7591/9781501725692 · Cited by 62
Ezekiel as the voice of the exiles and constructor of exilic ideology
Rom‐Shiloni, D. (2005) · Hebrew Union College Annual · Cited by 56
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 7 2020
Salo, R. S. (2021) · Orientalistische Literaturzeitung · doi:10.1515/olzg-2021-0030 · Cited by 33
Jeremiah's and Ezekiel's sign-acts
Friebel, K. G. (1999) · Cited by 17
Apóstolo, S. S. S. (2008) · Journal of Hebrew Scriptures · doi:10.5508/jhs.2008.v8.a13 · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 53
- Keel O., 1977, Ez 1 und 10 und Sach 4 (Stuttgarter Bibel-Studien, 84/85, 1
- Uehlinger Ch., 2000, Das Buch und die Bilder: 25 Jahre ikonographischer Forschung am Biblischen Institut der Universität Freiburg Schweiz
- Joannès See F., 1999, Transeuphratène, 17, 17
- Monographs Bible, 2007, 8
- A Document from a Community of Exiles in Babylonia
- Persian Period Judeans, 2006, Winona Lake
- Context International, 2011, Winona Lake
- L
- 2011, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 113
- Rural Babylonia Deportees, Angelika Berlejung and M. P. Streck (eds.)
- 2013, Harrassowitz, 247
- Archive, 6
- Babylonian Exile The Story, 2015, Bible Lands Museum
- Rule, 2014, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, 1, 2
- assimilation among different social groups of Judahite exiles)
- Ancient Judaism Texts, 2014, 160
- Cuneiform Texts Judean-Babylonian, in: ibid., 131-146
- Geller, The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization (Melammu, 7
- See, 2007, e.g
- This, 2006, Anknüpfungsprobleme, Wiederaufnahme eines religionswissenschaftlichen Forschungsprogramms": Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift 23 (2
- Uehlinger Ch., 2015, The Oxford Handbook of the Study of Religions
- On Late, 2013, The Sense of Sight in Rabbinic Culture. Jewish Ways of Seeing in Late Antiquity (Greek Culture in the Roman World
- See, 2003, Margaret Rose Olin, "Gaze
- See, 2003, Zainab Bahrani, The Graven Image. Representation in Babylonia and Assyria (Archaeology
- 2004, Surrealistische Visualität
- See, 1993, S. Tengström, "Les visions prophétiques du trône de Dieu et leur arrière-plan dans l'Ancien Testament
- de Thomasson J., 1992, Biblische Notizen, 64, 18
- Friebel K. G., 1999, Supplement 283
- Ezek On, 2002, Theologie als Biographie im Ezechielbuch. Ein Beitrag zur Konzeption alttestamentlicher Prophetie (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 36
- Jerusalem Kein Aufstand, 1981, Die Politik des Propheten Ezechiel (Stuttgarter biblische Beiträge
- James George Frazer's The The, 1915, A Study in Magic and Religion
- Fohrer G., 1968, Die symbolischen Handlungen der Propheten (Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments, 54
- See, 2002, Tz. Abusch, Mesopotamian Witchcraft. Toward a History and Understanding of Babylonian Witchcraft Beliefs and Literature (Ancient Magic and Divination, 5
- Schöpflin, Theologie als Biographie (n. 23), 127-145
- 2003, The Changing Face of Form Criticism for the Twenty-first Century (Grand Rapids
- 2005, Ontological and Epistemological Hierarchy in Ezekiel
- Livingstone A., 1986, Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars (Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Frahm E., 2011, Babylonian and Assyrian Text Commentaries. Origins of Interpretation (Guides to the Mesopotamian Textual Record, 5
- Note Scatolini, Ezekiel's fantastic virtuality
- On, 1992, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society IIIrd ser., 2, 3
- Zimmerli W., 1979, 2nd. ed. 1979)
- Pohlmann K.-F., 1992, Zur Redaktionsgeschichte des Buches und zur Frage nach den ältesten Texten (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 202
- On, 2000, absence, and movement, see further J. F. Kutsko, Between Heaven and Earth. Divine Presence and Absence in the Book of Ezekiel (Biblical and Judaic Studies from the University of California
- On, 2012, The Unbeatable Light. Melammu and Its Biblical Parallels (Alter Orient und Altes Testament, 384
- I, adding to it a diachronic, redaction-historical dimension
- Müller-Trufaut Uehlinger, art. cit. (n. 3), 168f figs. 5-12
- Grelot P., 1998, Transeuphratène, 15, 137
- 2004, Herder, 134
- Rochester Further, 2012, Prophetic Ministry in Jeremiah and Ezekiel (Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology, 65
- Ab-ssf A., 1990, Der Tempel von in Dr (Damaszener Forschungen, 3
- Halperin D. J., 1988, The Faces of the Chariot. Early Jewish Responses to Ezekiel's Vision (Texts and Studies on Ancient Judaism, 16
- M., 2001, Garrison and Margaret Cool Root, 1
- Gerhards M., Kön., 25, 27
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.001.0001 · Cited by 69
Ezekiel, Ethnicity, and Identity
Nissinen, M. (2023) · Studia Orientalia Electronica · doi:10.23993/store.129806 · Cited by 3
Mythological Crossings in Ancient Near East
Anthonioz, S. (2019) · Frontière·s · doi:10.35562/frontieres.124
“9 Uehlinger 2015, p. 62-84; Uehlinger and Müller Trufaut 2001, p. 140-171.”
Rom‐Shiloni, D. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634513.013.20
Uncertainties in First Contact? Ezekiel’s Struggle Toward a “Comparative Gaze”
Smith‐Christopher, D. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634513.013.21
Ezekiel and the Foreign Nations
Crouch, C. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634513.013.5
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0002
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0003
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0004
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0005
Constructing Prophetic Divination
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0001
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0007
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0006
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0008
Keyholes for Comparative Reconstruction
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.003.0009
Anointed Saviors or Oppressive Enslavers?
Smith‐Christopher, D. L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190888459.013.4
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.002.0007
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.002.0004
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.002.0005
Nissinen, M. (2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198808558.002.0003
Metadata
- Authors
- Uehlinger, C.
- Corresponding author
- Uehlinger, Christoph
- ORCID
- Uehlinger, Christoph
- Venue
- Die Welt des Orients
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2015-07-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-84
- ISSN
- 0043-2547 (ISSN-L)
- 2196-9019
- OpenAlex
- W2593510257
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 16
- FWCI
- 108.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Die Welt des Orients (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Visual Culture and Art Theory
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Ancient Near East History
- Keywords
- Book of Ezekiel, vision, visualization, visuality, gaze, visual culture, ancient Near Eastern iconography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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