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Implementation of personalized medicine services in community pharmacies: Perceptions of independent community pharmacists
Open accessAbstract
Objectives To evaluate the perceptions of independent community pharmacists within a regional independent community pharmacy cooperative on implementing personalized medicine services at their pharmacies and to gauge the pharmacists' self-reported knowledge of pharmacogenomic principles. Design Descriptive, exploratory, nonexperimental study. Setting American Pharmacy Services Corporation (APSC), 2011-12. Participants Pharmacists (n = 101) affiliated with the independent pharmacies of APSC. Intervention Single-mode survey. Main outcome measures Independent community pharmacists' interest in implementing personalized medicine services, perceived readiness to provide such services, and perceived barriers to implementation. Results 101 completed surveys were returned for data analysis. The majority of pharmacists surveyed (75%) expressed interest in offering personalized medicine services. When asked to describe their knowledge of pharmacogenomics and readiness to implement such services, more than 50% said they were not knowledgeable on the subject and would not currently be comfortable making drug therapy recommendations to physicians or confident counseling patients based on results of genetic screenings without further training and education. Respondents identified cost of providing the service, reimbursement issues, current knowledge of pharmacogenomics, and time to devote to the program as the greatest barriers to implementing personalized medicine services. Conclusion The majority of independent community pharmacists are interested in incorporating personalized medicine services into their practices, but they require further education before this is possible. Future initiatives should focus on the development of comprehensive education programs to further train pharmacists for provision of these services.
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“Professionals also describe a lack in their own knowledge or a limited understanding, as quantitative studies demonstrate [36, 37, 44, 81, 82, 92, 103, 104].”
From Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
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“These and other studies [37, 44–47, 58, 86, 105–108] reveal the need for further education of many health care providers, however, this requirement may vary between professionals in different fields [53, 81].”
From Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
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Erdmann, A., Rehmann-Sutter, C., & Bozzaro, C. (2021) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-021-00682-8 · Cited by 86
Metadata
- Authors
- Alexander, K. M., Divine, H. S., Hanna, C. R., Gokun, Y., & Freeman, P. R.
- Affiliations
- East Tennessee State University (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of Kentucky HealthCare (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alexander, Katelyn M.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 510-517
- ISSN
- 1544-3191 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9226962
- OpenAlex
- W2086004478
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000117)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, community pharmacists, independent community pharmacies, pharmacist perceptions, implementation barriers, pharmacy education, drug therapy recommendations
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Community Pharmacy Services, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Pharmacogenetics, United States, Health Care Surveys, Professional Role, Young Adult, Precision Medicine
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- Alexander, K. M., Divine, H. S., Hanna, C. R., Gokun, Y., & Freeman, P. R. (2014). Implementation of personalized medicine services in community pharmacies: Perceptions of independent community pharmacists. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. https://doi.org/10.1331/japha.2014.13041
