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Alternative Odysseys: The Case of Thoas and Odysseus
Abstract
This paper explores the different ways in which the relationship between Odysseus and an Aitolian hero, Thoas, is realized in ancient Greek epic. Odysseus paints an unflattering picture of Thoas in the Odyssey, yet the two are allies in the Iliad and in non-Homeric accounts of Odysseus' "post-Odyssey" life, and both antagonism and sympathy between them can be discerned in the Ilias parva and the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women. Here it is argued that epic geography offers a partial explanation for the association of Odysseus and Thoas generally, and that their antagonism in the Odyssey alludes to conflicts between canonical and non-canonical accounts of Odysseus' return.
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“With appropriate caution, we can thus employ post-Homeric evidence as our best available guide for potential pre-Homeric traditions.”
From Iphigenia in the Iliad and the Architecture of Homeric Allusion (2022) · cites this paper as Marks 2003: 223
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Neoanalysis, Orality, and Intertextuality: An Examination of Homeric Motif Transference
Burgess, J. S. (2006) · Oral Tradition · doi:10.1353/ort.2006.0014 · Cited by 178
Iphigenia in the Iliad and the Architecture of Homeric Allusion
Nelson, T. J. (2022) · TAPA · doi:10.1353/apa.2022.0007 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Marks, J.
- Corresponding author
- Marks, J
- ORCID
- Marks, J
- Venue
- Transactions of the American Philological Association
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 209-226
- ISSN
- 0360-5949 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-0699
- OpenAlex
- W2065445719
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-) (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Classics › Classical Antiquity Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Classical Studies and Philology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Keywords
- Odysseus, Odyssey, Iliad, Hesiod, Catalogue of Women, Aetolians, Odysseus' return, Homeric epic
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Alternative Odysseys: The Case of Thoas and Odysseus. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1353/apa.2003.0023
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- Marks, J. (2003). Alternative Odysseys: The Case of Thoas and Odysseus. Transactions of the American Philological Association. https://doi.org/10.1353/apa.2003.0023
