CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 311Legal Rights and Human RightsPolitical Philosophy and EthicsInternational Law and Human Rights

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

What Are Human Rights? Four Schools of Thought

Open access
Dembour, Marie-Bénédicte·2010·Human Rights Quarterly
DOI 10.1353/hrq.0.0130
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A close reading of academic literature reveals that we do not all conceive of human rights in the same way. This contribution proposes that "natural scholars" conceive of human rights as given ; "deliberative scholars" as agreed upon ; "protest scholars" as fought for ; and "discourse scholars" as talked about . The position of each of these four schools on the foundation, universality, possible realization, and legal embodiment of human rights is reviewed, as well as is the schools' faith, or lack thereof, in human rights. Quotations from academic texts illustrate how the four school model cuts across the academic disciplines with examples drawn from philosophy, politics, law, and anthropology.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1353/hrq.0.0130

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Dembour, M.-B.
Corresponding author
Dembour, Marie-Bénédicte
ORCID
Dembour, Marie-Bénédicte
Venue
Human Rights Quarterly
Publisher
Project MUSE
Published
2010-02
Volume
32
Issue
1
Pages
1-20
ISSN
  • 0275-0392 (ISSN-L)
  • 1085-794X
DOI
10.1353/hrq.0.0130
OpenAlex
W1964201209
Semantic Scholar
364e165e505d49723088f8c08d21dce6b224bc93
Cited by
311
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI
151.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Human Rights Quarterly (publishedVersion)
  • Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Law › Legal Rights and Human Rights
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Philosophy and Ethics
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Law and Human Rights
Keywords
human rights, natural rights, deliberative democracy, protest movements, discourse, universality of human rights, foundations of human rights

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review