The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade
Abstract
The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA) changed the structure of the making of U.S. trade policy and made possible a dramatic reduction in tariffs. The authors demonstrate that the key institutional innovation in the RTAA was its mandate to lower tariffs through reciprocal agreements with foreign nations. The expansion of exports under the RTAA enhanced political support for increasingly lower U.S. tariffs. Evidence that export interests were positively associated with congressional votes for free trade supports this view.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics
Moravcsik, A. (1997) · International Organization · doi:10.1162/002081897550447 · Cited by 2,814
A New Statecraft? Supranational Entrepreneurs and International Cooperation
Moravcsik, A. (1999) · International Organization · doi:10.1162/002081899550887 · Cited by 517
Rönnbäck, K. (2015) · The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development · doi:10.1080/09638199.2014.884154 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Bailey, M. A., Goldstein, J., & Weingast, B. R.
- Venue
- World Politics
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-338
- ISSN
- 0043-8871 (ISSN-L)
- 1086-3338
- OpenAlex
- W2056559023
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 12.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1353/wp.1997.0007
- The paper
- Bailey, M. A., Goldstein, J., & Weingast, B. R. (1997). The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade. World Politics. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.1997.0007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.