The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Unitary Model for Involutional Osteoporosis: Estrogen Deficiency Causes Both Type I and Type II Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women and Contributes to Bone Loss in Aging Men
Abstract
We propose here a new unitary model for the pathophysiology of involutional osteoporosis that identifies estrogen (E) deficiency as the cause of both the early, accelerated and the late, slow phases of bone loss in postmenopausal women and as a contributing cause of the continuous phase of bone loss in aging men. The accelerated phase in women is most apparent during the first decade after menopause, involves disproportionate loss of cancellous bone, and is mediated mainly by loss of the direct restraining effects of E on bone cell function. The ensuing slow phase continues throughout life in women, involves proportionate losses of cancellous and cortical bone, and is associated with progressive secondary hyperparathyroidism. This phase is mediated mainly by loss of E action on extraskeletal calcium homeostasis which results in net calcium wasting and increases in the level of dietary calcium intake required to maintain bone balance. Because elderly men have low circulating levels of both bioavailable E and bioavailable testosterone (T) and because recent data suggest that E is at least as important as T in determining bone mass in aging men, E deficiency may also contribute substantially to the continuous bone loss of aging men. In both genders, E deficiency increases bone resorption and may also impair a compensatory increase in bone formation. For the most part, this unitary model is well supported by observational and experimental data and provides plausible explanations to traditional objections to a unitary hypothesis.
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Cites
Estrogen Resistance Caused by a Mutation in the Estrogen-Receptor Gene in a Man
Smith, E. P., Boyd, J., Frank, G. R., Takahashi, H., Cohen, R. M., Specker, B., Williams, T. C., Lubahn, D. B., & Korach, K. S. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199410203311604 · Cited by 2,471
Effect of testosterone and estradiol in a man with aromatase deficiency
Carani, C., Qin, K., Simoni, M., Faustini-Fustini, M., Serpente, S., Boyd, J., Korach, K. S., & Simpson, E. R. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199707103370204 · Cited by 1,151
Human growth hormone and human aging
CORPAS, E., HARMAN, S. M., & BLACKMAN, M. R. (1993) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-14-1-20 · Cited by 911
Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells.
Colvard, D. S., Eriksen, E. F., Keeting, P. E., Wilson, E. M., Lubahn, D. B., French, F. S., Riggs, B. L., & Spelsberg, T. C. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.854 · Cited by 462 · cited 1×
“Also, human osteoblasts contain both ER((4,5)) and androgen receptors,((69)) although, thus far, osteoclastic cells have been found to contain only ER.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSlemenda, C. W., Longcope, C., Zhou, L., Hui, S. L., Peacock, M., & Johnston, C. C. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119701 · Cited by 455
Ovarian steroid treatment blocks a postmenopausal increase in blood monocyte interleukin 1 release.
Pacifici, R., Rifas, L., McCracken, R., Vered, I., McMurtry, C., Avioli, L. V., & Peck, W. A. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.7.2398 · Cited by 375
Cited by
Leptin Inhibits Bone Formation through a Hypothalamic Relay
Ducy, P., Amling, M., Takeda, S., Priemel, M., Schilling, A. F., Beil, F. T., Shen, J., Vinson, C., Rueger, J. M., & Karsenty, G. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81558-5 · Cited by 2,077
Goss, P. E., Ingle, J. N., Martino, S., Robert, N. J., Muss, H. B., Piccart, M. J., Castiglione, M., Tu, D., Shepherd, L. E., Pritchard, K. I., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032312 · Cited by 1,795
Sex Steroids and the Construction and Conservation of the Adult Skeleton
Riggs, B. L., Khosla, S., & Melton, L. J. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.23.3.0465 · Cited by 1,846
Self-citationLeptin Regulates Bone Formation via the Sympathetic Nervous System
Takeda, S., Elefteriou, F., Levasseur, R., Liu, X., Zhao, L., Parker, K. L., Armstrong, D., Ducy, P., & Karsenty, G. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01049-8 · Cited by 1,735
Pathogenesis of bone fragility in women and men
Seeman, E. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08706-8 · Cited by 909
Metadata
- Authors
- Riggs, B. L., Khosla, S., & Melton, L. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-05-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 763-773
- ISSN
- 0884-0431 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-4681
- OpenAlex
- W2072231974
- Cited by
- 1,143
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 54.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Unitary Model for Involutional Osteoporosis: Estrogen Deficiency Causes Both Type I and Type II Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women and Contributes to Bone Loss in Aging Men. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.5.763
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- Riggs, B. L., Khosla, S., & Melton, L. J. (1998). A Unitary Model for Involutional Osteoporosis: Estrogen Deficiency Causes Both Type I and Type II Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women and Contributes to Bone Loss in Aging Men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.5.763
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
