Theory of point-spread function artifacts due to structured mid-spatial frequency surface errors
Abstract
Optical design and tolerancing of aspheric or free-form surfaces require attention to surface form, structured surface errors, and nonstructured errors. We describe structured surface error profiles and effects on the image point-spread function using harmonic (Fourier) decomposition. Surface errors over the beam footprint map onto the pupil, where multiple structured surface frequencies mix to create sum and difference diffraction orders in the image plane at each field point. Difference frequencies widen the central lobe of the point-spread function and summation frequencies create ghost images.
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MSF errors can cause detrimental effects on optical performance including increased small angle scatter, increased downstream modulation/intensification, and reduced image contrast.
“MSF errors can cause detrimental effects on the optical performance including increased small angle scatter, increased downstream modulation/intensification, and reduced image contrast [6-11].”
From Smoothing tool design and performance during subaperture glass polishing (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
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Smoothing tool design and performance during subaperture glass polishing
Suratwala, T., Tham, G., Steele, R., Wong, L., Menapace, J., Ray, N., & Bauman, B. (2023) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.482739 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tamkin, J. M., Dallas, W. J., & Milster, T. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- ORCID
- Milster, Tom D.
- Venue
- Applied Optics
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2010-08-31
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 4814
- ISSN
- 0003-6935 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-4522
- OpenAlex
- W2081450823
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced optical system design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Optical measurement and interference techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Keywords
- point spread function, mid-spatial frequency error, aspheric surfaces, free-form surfaces, optical tolerancing, Fourier decomposition, diffraction orders, ghost images, surface form error
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