Effects of structured mid-spatial frequency surface errors on image performance
Abstract
Optical designers are encouraged to adopt aspheric and free-form surfaces into an increasing number of design spaces because of their improved performance. However, residual tooling marks from advanced aspheric fabrication techniques are difficult to remove. These marks, typically in the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) regime, give rise to structured image artifacts. Using a theory developed in previous publications, this paper applies the fundamentals of MSF modeling to demonstrate how MSF errors are evaluated and toleranced in an optical system. Examples of as-built components with MSF errors are analyzed using commercial optical design software.
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MSF errors can cause detrimental effects on optical performance including increased small angle scatter, increased downstream modulation/intensification, and reduced image contrast.
“MSF errors can cause detrimental effects on the optical performance including increased small angle scatter, increased downstream modulation/intensification, and reduced image contrast [6-11].”
From Smoothing tool design and performance during subaperture glass polishing (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
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Smoothing tool design and performance during subaperture glass polishing
Suratwala, T., Tham, G., Steele, R., Wong, L., Menapace, J., Ray, N., & Bauman, B. (2023) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.482739 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tamkin, J. M., & Milster, T. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tamkin, John M.
- Milster, Tom D.
- ORCID
- Milster, Tom D.
- Venue
- Applied Optics
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2010-11-19
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 6522
- ISSN
- 0003-6935 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-4522
- OpenAlex
- W2170630013
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced optical system design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Optical measurement and interference techniques
- Keywords
- mid-spatial frequency error, aspheric surfaces, free-form surfaces, image quality, image artifacts, optical tolerances, optical fabrication
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