CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 129Advanced Surface Polishing TechniquesSurface Roughness and Optical MeasurementsAdvanced machining processes and optimization

Rigid conformal polishing tool using non-linear visco-elastic effect

Open access
Kim, Dae Wook, Burge, James H.·2010·Optics Express
DOI 10.1364/oe.18.002242
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) relies on a stable and predictable tool influence function (TIF), which is the shape of the wear function created by the machine. For a polishing lap, which is stroked on the surface, both the TIF stability and surface finish rely on the polishing interface maintaining intimate contact with the workpiece. Pitch tools serve this function for surfaces that are near spherical, where the curvature has small variation across the part. The rigidity of such tools provides natural smoothing of the surface, but limits the application for aspheric surfaces. Highly flexible tools, such as those created with an air bonnet or magnetorheological fluid, conform to the surface, but lack intrinsic stiffness, so they provide little natural smoothing. We present a rigid conformal polishing tool that uses a non-linear visco-elastic medium (i.e. non-Newtonian fluid) that conforms to the aspheric shape, yet maintains stability to provide natural smoothing. The analysis, design, and performance of such a polishing tool is presented, showing TIF stability of <10% and providing surface finish with <10A roughness.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1364/oe.18.002242

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Existing models on the removal of MSF ripples are based on concepts similar to the workpiece-tool mismatch mechanism described above.

    “Existing models on the removal of MSF ripples are based on concepts similar to the workpiece-tool mismatch mechanism described above [26-29].”

    From Smoothing tool design and performance during subaperture glass polishing (2023) · cites this paper as [29]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 16

  1. [2]R. E. Wagner and R. R. Shannon, “Fabrication of aspherics using a mathematical model for material removal,” Appl. Opt. 13(7), 1683–1689 (1974). Crossref
  2. [4]D. D. Walker, D. Brooks, A. King, R. Freeman, R. Morton, G. McCavana, and S. W. Kim, “The ‘Precessions’ tooling for polishing and figuring flat, spherical and aspheric surfaces,” Opt. Express 11(8), 958–964 (2003). Crossref
  3. [5]H. M. Pollicove, E. M. Fess, and J. M. Schoen, “Deterministic manufacturing processes for precision optical surfaces,” in Window and Dome Technologies VIII, R. W. Tustison, eds., Proc. SPIE 5078, 90–96 (2003).
  4. [6]J. H. Burge, S. Benjamin, D. Caywood, C. Noble, M. Novak, C. Oh, R. Parks, B. Smith, P. Su, M. Valente, and C. Zhao, “Fabrication and testing of 1.4-m convex off-axis aspheric optical surfaces,” in Optical Manufacturing and Testing VIII, J. H. Burge; O. W. Fähnle and R. Williamson, eds., Proc. SPIE 7426, 74260L1–12 (2009).
  5. [7]C. L. Carnal, C. M. Egert, and K. W. Hylton, “Advanced matrix-based algorithms for ion beam milling of optical components,” in Current Developments in Optical Design and Optical Engineering II, R. E. Fischer and W. J. Smith, eds., Proc. SPIE 1752, 54–62 (1992).
  6. [8]H. Lee and M. Yang, “Dwell time algorithm for computer-controlled polishing of small axis-symmetrical aspherical lens mold,” Opt. Eng. 40(9), 1936–1943 (2001). Crossref
  7. [9]D. W. Kim, S. W. Kim, and J. H. Burge, “Non-sequential optimization technique for a computer controlled optical surfacing process using multiple tool influence functions,” Opt. Express 17(24), 21850–21866 (2009). Crossref
  8. [10]M. T. Tuell, “Novel tooling for production of aspheric surfaces,” M.S. Thesis (2002).
  9. [11]R. P. Chhabra, and J. F. Richardson, Non-Newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology (2nd edition) (Elsevier Ltd, 2008), Chap. 1.
  10. [13]M. A. Meyers, and K. K. Chawla, Mechanical Behavior of Materials (2nd edition) (Cambridge University Press, 2009), 124–125.
  11. [14]A. C. Fischer-Cripps, “Multiple-frequency dynamic nanoindentation testing,” J. Mater. Res. 19(10), 2981–2988 (2004). Crossref
  12. [15]M. Johns, “The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT),” in Extremely Large Telescopes: Which Wavelengths? T. E. Andersen, eds., Proc. SPIE 6986, 698603 1–12 (2008).
  13. [16]H. M. Martin, D. S. Anderson, J. R. P. Angel, R. H. Nagel, S. C. West, and R. S. Young, “Progress in the stressed-lap polishing of a 1.8-m f/1 mirror,” in Advanced Technology Optical Telescopes IV, L. D. Barr, eds., Proc. SPIE 1236, 682–690 (1990).
  14. [17]D. W. Kim, W. H. Park, S. W. Kim, and J. H. Burge, “Parametric modeling of edge effects for polishing tool influence functions,” Opt. Express 17(7), 5656–5665 (2009). Crossref
  15. [18]D. W. Kim, W. H. Park, S. W. Kim, and J. H. Burge, “Edge tool influence function library using the parametric edge model for computer controlled optical surfacing,” in Optical Manufacturing and Testing VIII, J. H. Burge; O. W. Fähnle and R. Williamson, Proc. SPIE 7426, 74260G1–12 (2009).
  16. [23]J. Nelson, and G. H. Sanders, “The status of the Thirty Meter Telescope project,” in Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes II, L. M. Stepp and R. Gilmozzi, eds., Proc. SPIE 7012, 70121A1–18 (2008).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kim, D. W., & Burge, J. H.
Affiliations
University of Arizona (US)
Venue
Optics Express
Publisher
Optica Publishing Group
Published
2010-01-20
Volume
18
Issue
3
Pages
2242
ISSN
1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1364/oe.18.002242
OpenAlex
W2170583573
Cited by
129
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 4
FWCI
3.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Optics Express (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Arizona
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced machining processes and optimization
Keywords
computer controlled optical surfacing, non-Newtonian fluids, aspheric surfaces, surface roughness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review