Polarization tunable color filters based on all-dielectric metasurfaces on a flexible substrate
Open accessAbstract
Structural color filters based on all-dielectric materials are considered to be promising alternatives to metal nanostructures due to significant advantages, such as high-quality resonance effects and low losses of Ohmic effects. We demonstrate a polarization tunable color filter based on all-dielectric metasurfaces, which is based on the arrays of asymmetric monocrystalline silicon nanoblocks on the flexible substrate. By adjusting the physical dimensions of nanoblocks, the filter can exhibit a variety of bright transmission colors. Furthermore, the designed dielectric metasurfaces are sensitive to the linear polarization direction of the incident light, thus a wide range of color images can be created by changing the polarization angles. All of the color filter including the dielectric silicon nanoblocks, the overcladding, and the flexible substrate can be delaminated from the handler substrates and the optical property is reconfigurable, which will find applications in the functional color display, polarization detection and imaging, and secured optical tag.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Good transmission efficiencies have been reported in [20-24], but the colors were subtractive in nature.
“Although, good transmission efficiencies have been reported in [20–24], the colors were subtractive in nature (CMYK colors are more appropriate for reflected light applications).”
From Robust inverse design of all-dielectric metasurface transmission-mode color filters (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes bright transmission colors, and the Fabrication and characterization section reports measured transmission colors tunable from purple to red. These passages support the transmission-color aspect, but the paper does not characterize its colors as subtractive or establish a transmission-efficiency figure; the References section names a different study as a subtractive color filter. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Printing Beyond sRGB Color Gamut by Mimicking Silicon Nanostructures in Free-Space
Dong, Z., Ho, J., Yu, Y. F., Fu, Y. H., Paniagua-Dominguez, R., Wang, S., Kuznetsov, A. I., & Yang, J. K. W. (2017) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03613 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 53
- [1]1. X. Sun, Z. Liu, K. Welsher, J. T. Robinson, and A. Goodwin, “Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery,” Nano Res. 1(3), 203–212 (2008). Crossref
- [2]2. T. V. Amotchkina, J. S. Parramon, V. Janicki, M. K. Trubetskov, H. Zorc, and A. V. Tikhonravov, “Design of multilayer coatings containing metal island films,” Proc. SPIE 8168, 816809 (2011). Crossref
- [3]3. K. T. Lee, S. Seo, J. Y. Lee, and L. J. Guo, “Ultrathin metal-semiconductor-metal resonator for angle invariant visible band transmission filters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(23), 231112 (2014). Crossref
- [4]4. M. Cousoulis, Handbook of Digital Imaging (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015).
- [5]5. M. Miyata, H. Hatada, and J. Takahara, “Full-color Subwavelength Printing with Gap-plasmonic Optical Antennas,” Nano Lett. 16(5), 3166–3172 (2016). Crossref
- [7]7. D. Wang, M. R. Bourgeois, J. Guan, A. K. Fumani, G. C. Schatz, and T. W. Odom, “Lasing from Finite Plasmonic Nanoparticle Lattices,” ACS Photonics 7(3), 630–636 (2020). Crossref
- [8]8. Y. Montelongo, J. O. Tenorio-Pearl, C. Williams, S. Zhang, W. I. Milne, and T. D. Wilkinson, “Plasmonic nanoparticle scattering for color holograms,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111(35), 12679–12683 (2014). Crossref
- [9]9. J. Zhang, M. ElKabbash, R. Wei, S. C. Singh, B. Lam, and C. Guo, “Plasmonic metasurfaces with 42.3% transmission efficiency in the visible,” Light: Sci. Appl. 8(1), 53 (2019). Crossref
- [10]10. C. Min, J. Liu, T. Lei, G. Si, Z. Xie, J. Lin, L. Du, and X. Yuan, “Plasmonic nano-slits assisted polarization selective detour phase meta-hologram,” Laser Photonics Rev. 10(6), 978–985 (2016). Crossref
- [11]11. J. Burch and A. D. Falco, “Surface Topology Specific Metasurface Holograms,” ACS Photonics 5(5), 1762–1766 (2018). Crossref
- [12]12. X. Li, L. Chen, Y. Li, X. Zhang, M. Pu, Z. Zhao, X. Ma, Y. Wang, M. Hong, and X. Luo, “Multicolor 3D meta-holography by broadband plasmonic modulation,” Sci. Adv. 2(11), e1601102 (2016). Crossref
- [13]13. C. Yang, W. Shen, J. Zhou, X. Fang, D. Zhao, X. Zhang, C. Ji, B. Fang, Y. Zhang, X. Liu, and L. J. Guo, “Angle Robust Reflection/Transmission Plasmonic Filters Using Ultrathin Metal Patch Array,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 4(12), 1981–1986 (2016). Crossref
- [14]14. Z. Li, A. W. Clark, and J. M. Cooper, “Dual color plasmonic pixels create a polarization controlled nano color palette,” ACS Nano 10(1), 492–498 (2016). Crossref
- [15]15. I. Koirala, V. R. Shrestha, C. S. Park, S.-S. Lee, and D.-Y. Choi, “Polarization-Controlled Broad Color Palette Based on an Ultrathin One-Dimensional Resonant Grating Structure,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1 (2017). Crossref
- [16]16. B.-G. Léo, H. Cruguel, E. Lacaze, and O. Pluchery, “Plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles on silicon substrates: understanding fano-like spectra observed in reflection,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(11), 111901 (2016). Crossref
- [17]17. H. Jia, Q. J. Wu, C. Jiang, H. Wang, L. Q. Wang, J. Z. Jiang, and D. X. Zhang, “High-transmission polarization-dependent active plasmonic color filters,” Appl. Opt. 58(3), 704–711 (2019). Crossref
- [18]18. A. Arbabi, Y. Horie, M. Bagheri, and A. Faraon, “Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 10(11), 937–943 (2015). Crossref
- [19]19. Y. Zhou, H. Zheng, I. I. Kravchenko, and J. Valentine, “Flat optics for image differentiation,” Nat. Photonics 14(5), 316–323 (2020). Crossref
- [20]20. Y. Horie, S. Han, J. Y. Lee, J. Kim, Y. Kim, A. Arbabi, C. Shin, L. Shi, E. Arbabi, S. M. Kamali, H.-S. Lee, S. Hwang, and A. Faraon, “Visible Wavelength Color Filters Using Dielectric Subwavelength Gratings for Backside-Illuminated CMOS Image Sensor Technologies,” Nano Lett. 17(5), 3159–3164 (2017). Crossref
- [21]21. V. Vashistha, G. Vaidya, P. Gruszecki, A. Serebryannikov, and M. Krawczyk, “Polarization tunable all-dielectric color filters based on cross-shaped si nanoantennas,” Sci. Rep. 7(1), 8092 (2017). Crossref
- [22]22. Y. Nagasaki, M. Suzuki, and J. Takahara, “All-Dielectric Dual-Color Pixel with Subwavelength Resolution,” Nano Lett. 17(12), 7500–7506 (2017). Crossref
- [23]23. J. Proust, F. Bedu, B. Gallas, I. Ozerov, and N. Bonod, “All-dielectric colored metasurfaces with silicon mie resonators,” ACS Nano 10(8), 7761–7767 (2016). Crossref
- [24]24. I. Koirala, S. S. Lee, and D. Y. Choi, “Highly transmissive subtractive color filters based on an all-dielectric metasurface incorporating TiO2 nanopillars,” Opt. Express 26(14), 18320–18330 (2018). Crossref
- [25]25. C. Park, I. Koirala, S. Gao, V. R. Shrestha, S. Lee, and D. Choi, “Structural color filters based on an all-dielectric metasurface exploiting silicon-rich silicon nitride nanodisks,” Opt. Express 27(2), 667–679 (2019). Crossref
- [26]26. K. Huang, Z. Dong, S. Mei, L. Zhang, Y. Liu, H. Liu, H. Zhu, J. Teng, B. Luk’yanchuk, J. K. W. Yang, and C.-W. Qiu, “Silicon multi-meta-holograms for the broadband visible light,” Laser Photonics Rev. 10(3), 500–509 (2016). Crossref
- [27]27. F. Aieta, M. A. Kats, P. Genevet, and F. Capasso, “Multiwavelength achromatic metasurfaces by dispersive phase compensation,” Science 347(6228), 1342–1345 (2015). Crossref
- [28]28. Y. F. Yu, Z. Y. Alexander, R. Paniagua-Domínguez, Y. H. Fu, B. Luk’yanchuk, and A. I. Kuznetsov, “High transmission dielectric metasurface with 2π phase control at visible wavelengths,” Laser Photonics Rev. 9(4), 412–418 (2015). Crossref
- [29]29. M. Khorasaninejad, A. Ambrosio, P. Kanhaiya, and F. Capasso, “Broadband and chiral binary dielectric meta-holograms,” Sci. Adv. 2(5), e1501258 (2016). Crossref
- [30]30. A. D. Falco, M. Ploschner, and T. F. Krauss, “Flexible metamaterials at visible wavelengths,” New J. Phys. 12(11), 113006 (2010). Crossref
- [31]31. X. Zhang, T. Pan, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, S. Liu, and W. Xie, “Color-Tunable, Spectra-Stable Flexible White Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Devices Based on Alternating Current Driven and Dual-Microcavity Technology,” ACS Photonics 6(9), 2350–2357 (2019). Crossref
- [32]32. L. Li, H. Lin, S. Qiao, Y. Huang, J. Li, J. Michon, T. Gu, C. Alosnoramos, L. Vivien, A. Yadav, K. Richardson, N. Lu, and J. Hu, “Monolithically integrated stretchable photonics,” Light: Sci. Appl. 7(2), 17138 (2018). Crossref
- [33]33. L. Li, H. Lin, S. Qiao, Y. Zou, S. Danto, K. Richardson, J. D. Musgraves, N. Lu, and J. Hu, “Integrated flexible chalcogenide glass photonic devices,” Nat. Photonics 8(8), 643–649 (2014). Crossref
- [34]34. K. Jain, M. Klosner, M. Zemel, and S. Raghunandan, “Flexible Electronics and Displays: High-Resolution, Roll-to-Roll, Projection Lithography and Photoablation Processing Technologies for High-Throughput Production,” Proc. IEEE 93(8), 1500–1510 (2005). Crossref
- [35]35. A. Pinyol, B. Meylan, D. Gillieron, V. Mewani, Y. Leterrier, and J. A. Manson, “Electro-fragmentation analysis of dielectric thin films on flexible polymer substrates,” Thin Solid Films 517(6), 2000–2006 (2009). Crossref
- [36]36. J. Burch and A. D. Falco, “Holography Using Curved Metasurfaces,” Photonics 6(1), 8 (2019). Crossref
- [37]37. X. Guo, M. Pu, Y. Guo, X. Ma, X. Li, and X. Luo, “Flexible and Tunable Dielectric Color Meta-hologram,” Plasmonics 15(1), 217–223 (2020). Crossref
- [38]38. W. Chen, Y. Li, R. Li, A. Thean, and Y. Guo, “Bendable and Stretchable Microfluidic Liquid Metal-Based Filter,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 28(3), 203–205 (2018). Crossref
- [39]39. B. Hwang, S. H. Shin, S. H. Hwang, J. Y. Jung, J. H. Choi, B. K. Ju, and J. H. Jeong, “Flexible Plasmonic Color Filters Fabricated via Nanotransfer Printing with Nanoimprint-Based Planarization,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(33), 27351–27356 (2017). Crossref
- [40]40. Z.-J. Zhao, M. Lee, H. Kang, S. Hwang, S. Jeon, N. Park, S.-H. Park, and J.-H. Jeong, “Eight Inch Wafer-Scale Flexible Polarization-Dependent Color Filters with Ag–TiO2 Composite Nanowires,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(10), 9188–9196 (2018). Crossref
- [41]41. S. Sun, W. H. Yang, C. Zhang, J. X. Jing, Y. S. Gao, X. Y. Yu, Q. H. Song, and S. M. Xiao, “Real-Time Tunable Colors from Microfluidic Reconfigurable All-Dielectric Metasurfaces,” ACS Nano 12(3), 2151–2159 (2018). Crossref
- [42]42. J. G. Ok, H. Youn, M. K. Kwak, K. Lee, Y. J. Shin, L. J. Guo, A. Greenwald, and Y. S. Liu, “Continuous and scalable fabrication of flexible metamaterial films via roll-to-roll nanoimprint process for broadband plasmonic infrared filters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(22), 223102 (2012). Crossref
- [43]43. X. Y. Duan, S. Kamin, and N. Liu, “Dynamic plasmonic colour display,” Nat. Commun. 8(1), 1 (2017). Crossref
- [44]44. D. Franklin, R. Frank, S. Wu, and D. Chanda, “Actively addressed single pixel full-colour plasmonic display,” Nat. Commun. 8(1), 15209 (2017). Crossref
- [45]45. J. Bohn, T. Bucher, K. E. Chong, A. Komar, D. Choi, D. N. Neshev, Y. S. Kivshar, T. Pertsch, and I. Staude, “Active tuning of spontaneous emission by Mie-resonant dielectric metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 18(6), 3461–3465 (2018). Crossref
- [46]46. Y. Montelongo, J. O. Tenoriopearl, W. I. Milne, and T. D. Wilkinson, “Polarization Switchable Diffraction Based on Subwavelength Plasmonic Nanoantennas,” Nano Lett. 14(1), 294–298 (2014). Crossref
- [47]47. X. F. Zang, F. L. Dong, F. Y. Yue, C. M. Zhang, L. H. Xu, Z. W. Song, M. Chen, P. Y. Chen, G. S. Buller, Y. M. Zhu, S. L. Zhuang, W. G. Chu, S. Zhang, and X. Z. Chen, “Polarization Encoded Color Image Embedded in a Dielectric Metasurface,” Adv. Mater. 30(21), 1707499 (2018). Crossref
- [48]48. R. Z. Zhao, L. L. Huang, C. C. Tang, J. J. Li, X. W. Li, Y. T. Wang, and T. Zentgraf, “Nanoscale Polarization Manipulation and Encryption Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 6(19), 1800490 (2018). Crossref
- [49]49. Y. Intaravanne and X. Z. Chen, “Recent advances in optical metasurfaces for polarization detection and engineered polarization profiles,” Nanophotonics 9(5), 1003–1014 (2020). Crossref
- [50]50. M. Kim, I. Kim, J. Jang, D. Lee, K. T. Nam, and J. Rho, “Active Color Control in a Metasurface by Polarization Rotation,” Appl. Sci. 8(6), 982 (2018). Crossref
- [51]51. S. Gao, C. S. Park, S. S. Lee, and D. Y. Choi, “All-dielectric metasurfaces for simultaneously realizing polarization rotation and wavefront shaping of visible light,” Nanoscale 11(9), 4083–4090 (2019). Crossref
- [52]52. B. Wang, F. L. Dong, D. Yang, Z. W. Song, L. H. Xu, W. G. Chu, Q. H. Gong, and Y. Li, “Polarization-controlled color-tunable holograms with dielectric metasurfaces,” Optica 4(11), 1368–1371 (2017). Crossref
- [53]53. B. Yang, W. Liu, Z. Li, H. Cheng, S. Chen, and J. Tian, “Polarization-Sensitive Structural Colors with Hue-and-Saturation Tuning Based on All-Dielectric Nanopixels,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 6(4), 1701009 (2018). Crossref Previous Article Next Article Cited By Optica participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from Optica Publishing Group journals and other participating publishers are listed here. Alert me when this article is cited. Figures (7) Thumbnail for Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Thumbnail for Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Thumbnail for Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Thumbnail for Fig. 4. Fig. 4. Thumbnail for Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Thumbnail for Fig. 6. Fig. 6. Thumbnail for Fig. 7. Fig. 7. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed structural color filter. View in Article | Download Full Size | PDF Fig. 2. (a) Calculated polarization-dependent transmission spectra and (b) the corresponding color responses with the width changed from 70 nm to 120 nm. View in Article | Download Full Size | PDF Fig. 3. Electric and magnetic field distribution in (x, y) plane: (a) 609 nm, TM incident wave and (b) 540 nm, TE incident wave. View in Article | Download Full Size | PDF Fig. 4. (a) Calculated transmission spectra with different pitch and (b) the corresponding color responses for the TM incident polarizations. The nanoblock’s size is x=150 nm and y=80 nm. View in Article | Download Full Size | PDF Fig. 5. (a) Schematic of the fabrication process flow for the stretchable color filters. (b) The SEM image of fabricated metasurface and (c) the photos of the whole flexible device. View in Article | Download Full Size | PDF Fig. 6. (a) Measured transmission spectra and (b) the corresponding color responses for different polarization angles. (c) Calculated color responses. The nanoblock’s size is x=150 nm, y=80 nm and =300 nm. View in Article | Download Full Size | PDF Fig. 7. Different colors are visible under optical microscope in transmission mode when φ is equal to 0°, 45°, and 90°. View in Article | Download Full Size | PDF Tables (1) Tables Icon Table 1. Different periods of the nanoblocks for three cases. View Table Equations (1) Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.
- [1](1) Optics Express Siddharth Ramachandran, Editor-in-Chief Journal Home About Issues in Progress Current Issue All Issues Feature Issues Table 1. Different periods of the nanoblocks for three cases. [nm] [nm] [nm] [nm] Case 1 280 150 80 150 Case 2 300 150 80 150 Case 3 320 150 80 150 Confirm Citation Alert Please login to set citation alerts. MathJax Help Equations displayed with MathJax. Right click equation to reveal menu options. Field Error Select as filters Select Topics Cancel Publishing Home Journals Conferences Preprints (Optica Open) Information for Authors Reviewers Librarians Open Access Information Open Access Statement and Policy Terms for Journal Article Reuse Other Resources Optica AI Optica Open Optica Publishing Group Bookshelf Optics ImageBank Optics & Photonics News Spotlight on Optics Optica Home Accessibility Information OPG Accessibility Statement About About Optica Publishing Group About My Account Sign up for Alerts Contact Us Send Us Feedback My Favorites Go to My Account Login to access favorites Recent Pages Polarization tunable color filters based on all-dielectric metasurfaces on a flexible substrate Clear History © Copyright 2026 | Optica Publishing Group. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies. Privacy | Terms of Use Login or Create Account Sign in by: Please wait... Don't have an account? Create an Account. Institutional Login (Optica Publishing Group participates in eduGAIN) China CARSI Member Access China CAoS Member Access Privacy Policy Need help? Our website uses cookies In order to remember your preferences (“Functional”), to measure traffic to our site (“Analytics”), and to personalise content and ads and enable social media features (“Marketing & Social Media”), we use cookies and similar technologies. We also share information about your use of our website with our social media, analytics, and advertising partners, who may combine it with other information they have collected from your use of their services. You can change or withdraw your consent at any time. More information about the use of cookies on our website can be found in our privacy policy. Opg.optica.org Functional Cookies and similar technologies that are strictly necessary for the website to work, such as remembering your preferences, security, enabling log-in or processing forms. Consent Studio Consent Studio consent-studio__consent-id ID of the proof of consent storage within the Consent Studio platform.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Robust inverse design of all-dielectric metasurface transmission-mode color filters
Panda, S. S., Vyas, H. S., & Hegde, R. S. (2020) · Optical Materials Express · doi:10.1364/ome.409186 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wang, X., Chen, J., Guo, T., & Shi, Y.
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2020-07-07
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 21704
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3037620182
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61675178, 61922070)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photonic Crystals and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Keywords
- dielectric metasurfaces, flexible substrates, structural color, linear polarization, polarization detection, delamination, color display
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review