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Periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate microring resonators with a second-harmonic generation efficiency of 250,000%/W
Open accessAbstract
Lithium niobate (LN), dubbed by many as the silicon of photonics, has recently risen to the forefront of chip-scale nonlinear optics research since its demonstration as an ultralow-loss integrated photonics platform. Due to its significant quadratic nonlinearity ($χ^{(2)}$), LN inspires many important applications such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and optical parametric oscillation. Here, we demonstrate high-efficiency SHG in dual-resonant, periodically poled z-cut LN microrings, where quasi-phase matching is realized by field-assisted domain engineering. Meanwhile, dual-band operation is accessed by optimizing the coupling conditions in fundamental and second-harmonic bands via a single pulley waveguide. As a result, when pumping a periodically poled LN microring in the low power regime at around 1617nm, an on-chip SHG efficiency of 250,000%/W is achieved, a state-of-the-art value reported among current integrated photonics platforms. An absolute conversion efficiency of 15% is recorded with a low pump power of 115$μ$W in the waveguide. Such periodically poled LN microrings also present a versatile platform for other cavity-enhanced quasi-phase matched $χ^{(2)}$ nonlinear optical processes.
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“Furthermore, resonators have enabled low-voltage EO modulators [55,85,171], broadband EO frequency comb generation [26], ultra-efficient parametric wavelength conversions [30,31,94,168,169,172,173], and Kerr comb generation [27,28,174,175].”
From Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In the same year, Lu et al. demonstrated radially poled, Z-cut microring [31] (see Figure 28(b)).A single pulley waveguide was designed to efficiently couple both the infrared and visible frequency bands.Due to the fabrication limit on the poling period, TE 00 -to-TM 00 SHG was adopted, utilizing the 𝑑𝑑 31 coefficient.Nonetheless, an ultra-high on-chip SHG efficiency of 250%/mW was achieved.”
From Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Radially poled Z-cut microring resonator.”
From Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
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Citations
Cites
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Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltages
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Surface properties probed by second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation
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Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances
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Broadband electro-optic frequency comb generation in a lithium niobate microring resonator
Zhang, M., Buscaino, B., Wang, C., Shams-Ansari, A., Reimer, C., Zhu, R., Kahn, J. M., & Lončar, M. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1008-7 · Cited by 980
An optical-frequency synthesizer using integrated photonics
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Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate
Zhu, D., Shao, L., Yu, M., Cheng, R., Desiatov, B., Xin, C. J., Hu, Y., Holzgrafe, J., Ghosh, S., Shams-Ansari, A., et al. (2021) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.411024 · Cited by 1,516
Lithium niobate photonics: Unlocking the electromagnetic spectrum
Boes, A., Chang, L., Langrock, C., Yu, M., Zhang, M., Lin, Q., Lončar, M., Fejer, M. M., Bowers, J. E., & Mitchell, A. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj4396 · Cited by 671
Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators: when performance meets scalability
Zhang, M., Wang, C., Kharel, P., Zhu, D., & Lončar, M. (2021) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.415762 · Cited by 513
Integrated lithium niobate photonics
Qi, Y., & Li, Y. (2020) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0013 · Cited by 422
“As a result, this PPLN microring demonstrates an SHG efficiency as high as 250,000%/W – the state-of-the-art value provided by integrated photonics platforms [109].”
BackgroundMethodDevelopment of quantum interconnects (QuICs) for next-generation information technologies
Awschalom, D., Berggren, K. K., Bernien, H., Bhave, S., Carr, L. D., Davids, P., Economou, S. E., Englund, D., Faraon, A., Fejer, M., et al. (2021) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.2.017002 · Cited by 392
Metadata
- Authors
- Lu, J., Surya, J. B., Liu, X., Bruch, A. W., Gong, Z., Xu, Y., & Tang, H. X.
- Venue
- Optica
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2019-11-21
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1455
- ISSN
- 2334-2536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2990337785
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 20.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optica (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0019406)
- National Science Foundation (EFMA-1640959)
- Army Research Office (W911NF-18-1-0020)
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR0011-16-C-0118)
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation (2009-34719)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Keywords
- periodically poled lithium niobate, microring resonators, second harmonic generation, quasi-phase matching, dual-band operation, conversion efficiency, nonlinear integrated photonics, Z-cut lithium niobate
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