The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 8 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: There are few valid data that describe the extent of multimorbidity in primary care patients. The purpose of this study was to estimate its prevalence in family practice patients by counting the number of chronic medical conditions and using a measure that considers the severity of these conditions, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). METHODS: The study was carried out in the Saguenay region (Québec, Canada) in 2003. The participation of adult patients from 21 family physicians was solicited during consecutive consultation periods. A research nurse reviewed medical records and extracted the data regarding chronic illnesses. For each chronic condition, a severity rating was determined in accordance with the CIRS scoring guidelines. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 320 men and 660 women. Overall, 9 of 10 patients had more than 1 chronic condition. The prevalence of having 2 or more medical conditions in the 18- to 44-year, 45- to 64-year, and 65-year and older age-groups was, respectively, 68%, 95%, and 99% among women and 72%, 89%, and 97% among men. The mean number of conditions and mean CIRS score also increased significantly with age. CONCLUSIONS: Whether measured by simply counting the number of conditions or using the CIRS, the prevalence of multimorbidity is quite high and increases significantly with age in both men and women. Patients with multimorbidity seen in family practice represent the rule rather than the exception.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a 2003 family practice sample in Quebec, multimorbidity was highly prevalent: 9 of 10 adults had more than 1 chronic condition, and prevalence increased with age. Whether measured by condition count or CIRS severity, multimorbidity was the rule rather than the exception.
Key findings
- Among 980 adult patients (320 men, 660 women), 9 of 10 had more than 1 chronic condition, and approximately 50% had 5 or more.
- Prevalence of 2 or more chronic conditions by age and sex was: women 68% (18–44 years), 95% (45–64 years), and 99% (65+ years); men 72%, 89%, and 97%, respectively.
- Mean CIRS scores increased significantly with age in both men and women (P < .001), rising from 6.3 to 13.1 in men and from 5.1 to 12.9 in women across the three age groups.
- The most common diagnoses were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and rheumatologic diseases; the 3 most common diagnoses did not differ in frequency between men and women.
Methods
- Two-level survey in the Saguenay region of Quebec, Canada, in 2003. Of 119 eligible family physicians contacted, 27 volunteered and 21 participated after 6 dropped out; adult patients were recruited during consecutive consultation periods.
- Of 1,085 patients contacted, 980 (90.3%) agreed to participate. Research nurses reviewed medical records, extracted chronic diagnoses using the WHO definition of chronic conditions, and assigned severity scores using the CIRS-G; inter-rater reliability was ICC 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84–0.95).
- Analyses used SPSS version 8 with significance at 0.05; prevalence was reported by age and sex, means and medians were calculated for number of conditions and CIRS scores, CIRS means were compared with Kruskal-Wallis tests, proportions with chi-square tests, and 95% CIs were calculated. Clustering by physician was not accounted for because the intraclass correlation coefficient was very low (0.03).
Limitations
- The paper states that the data are only estimates of actual prevalence in the population consulting family physicians; a random sample of each physician’s patients would have been required for more precise measurement. The sample was probably overrepresented by patients who see their physicians often because of multiple conditions, volunteer practices may have introduced unknown biases, and duration of the doctor-patient relationship was not recorded or controlled.
- The paper also states that generalizability may be reduced by the limited number of participating physicians, a female-to-male ratio exceeding that of the general population, possible recruitment bias, and exclusion criteria (pregnancy, illiteracy, or lack of decision-making capacity). Participating and nonparticipating physicians seemed comparable, but few characteristics were compared. Socioeconomic status was not assessed.
- Evident from the text: the profile of patients who refused participation could not be determined, so refusal bias cannot be quantified.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“approximately 50% had 5 or more.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > RESULTS
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A sex difference was found only in the number of conditions in the intermediate age-group.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > RESULTS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, 9 of 10 patients had more than 1 chronic condition.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Nine of 10 had more than 1 chronic condition”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the proportion of patients with a high CIRS score rises with age in both men (P <.001) and women (P <.001).”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > RESULTS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nearly 50% of the patients between 45 and 64 years of age had 5 or more chronic conditions.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean number of conditions and mean CIRS score also increased signifi cantly with age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Both of these variables increase with age in men (P <.001) and women (P <.001).”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of having 2 or more medical conditions in the 18-to 44-year, 45-to 64-year, and 65-year and older age-groups was, respectively, 68%, 95%, and 99% among women and 72%, 89%, and 97% among men.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 320Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean number of conditions and mean CIRS score also increased signifi cantly with age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Both of these variables increase with age in men (P <.001) and women (P <.001).”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of having 2 or more medical conditions in the 18-to 44-year, 45-to 64-year, and 65-year and older age-groups was, respectively, 68%, 95%, and 99% among women and 72%, 89%, and 97% among men.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 660Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of having 2 or more medical conditions in the 18-to 44-year, 45-to 64-year, and 65-year and older age-groups was, respectively, 68%, 95%, and 99% among women and 72%, 89%, and 97% among men.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 320Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 17
- It may state two separate claims as one. 9
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample consisted of 320 men and 660 women.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Of these, 980 (90.3%) agreed to participate: 320 men and 660 women.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 320Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the most common diagnoses were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and rheumatologic diseases.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > RESULTS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 3 most common diagnoses did not differ in frequency between men and women.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > RESULTS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That the practices were volunteer may also have introduced unknown biases.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whether measured by simply counting the number of conditions or using the CIRS, the prevalence of multimorbidity is quite high and increases signifi cantly with age in both men and women.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even so, the consequences of excluding the small minority of patients who were pregnant, illiterate, or lacked decision-making capacity should have been negligible.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the duration of doctorpatient relationship could not be controlled for because it was not recorded in this study.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As there is no cutoff score above which one can conclude that multimorbidity is present, various cutoff points were used in this study.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Scoring and Validation
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such a high prevalence of multiple chronic conditions calls into question the very organization of our health services.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results of this study offer additional support to the current trend in family medicine residency programs to concentrate on patients with multimorbidity.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“In terms of specialized care, the Saguenay region is similar to the Canadian average, with 9.0 medical specialists per 10,000 people.15 This fi gure represents only 60% of its estimated staffi ng needs.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Study Region
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A score 10 or higher seems adequate for discriminating between younger and older patients”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other factors that may reduce the generalizability of our results include the limited number of participating physicians, a female-to-male ratio exceeding that of the general population, and possible recruitment bias.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Information about chronic medical conditions is more likely to be found in medical records than in other data sources, such as administrative data or surveys; therefore, a review of medical records seems to be a better way of estimating the prevalence of multimorbidity and may produce higher estimates.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another factor that could help explain the high prevalence of multimorbidity observed here is the relative lack of medical specialists in the Saguenay region.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the CIRS does not have a cutoff score to determine multimorbidity, the cutoff scores of 5 and 10 used in this study indicate disease in at least 2 or 3 systems and 4 or 5 systems, respectively.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The socioeconomic status (SES) of residents is comparable to that of those in the rest of Canada, except for a higher unemployment rate (12% vs 8% in 2001).”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Study Region
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The very low intraclass correlation coeffi cient (0.03) justifi es the analysis of morbidity at the patient level only.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Statistical Analyses
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The ratio of general practitioners to patients (8.7 per 10,000) is a little less than the average 9.5 for Canada.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Study Region
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interventions that suit patients with a single disease may not be appropriate for patients with many comorbid conditions.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The wide extent of multimorbidity also strongly supports the development of innovative interventions focused on collaborative practices to better share the burden.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the ratio of medical specialists in the Saguenay region (9 per 10,000 people) is similar to the Canadian average 14 and midway between that of large urban centers and rural regions.”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14]
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The CIRS has undergone several validation studies.11,18,19”
§ Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Adults Seen in Family Practice > Scoring and Validation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11]
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [19]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Patients who refused to participate did not differ systematically from participants in a way that would affect prevalence estimates.
“The profi le of the patients who refused to participate could not be determined.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Medical records accurately and completely reflect patients' chronic conditions.
“A research nurse reviewed medical records and extracted the data regarding chronic illnesses.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In the UK, for example, recent estimates suggest that one in six patients have more than one chronic condition, and these patients account for approximately one-third of all general practice consultations.13”
From Artificial intelligence: opportunities and implications for the health workforce (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
CIRS score of 10 does not require disease in four systems
MinorThe paper says a CIRS score of 10 indicates disease in at least 4 or 5 systems. Because each domain can contribute up to 4 points, three affected domains can produce a score of 10.
“Although the CIRS does not have a cutoff score to determine multimorbidity, the cutoff scores of 5 and 10 used in this study indicate disease in at least 2 or 3 systems and 4 or 5 systems, respectively.”
“The CIRS uses a scoring system that includes 14 anatomical domains; a scale ranging from 0 (no condition in this domain) to 4 (extremely serious condition) is used to determine a severity score for each domain.”
Age range for the youngest group conflicts within Table 1
MinorTable 1 labels the youngest group as 18-14 years for the average number of conditions, but as 18-44 years for prevalence. The former range also ends before it begins.
“18-14 y: 2.8 45-64 y: 4.6 65+ y: 6.5”
“18-44 y: 69.3 45-64 y: 92.8 65+ y: 98.7”
Citations
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1 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Features of remodeling of the right heart in comorbid patients with chronic heart failure
Chesnikova, A. I., Dzyurich, Т. A., Сафроненко, В. А., Terentyev, V. P., Skarzhinskaya, N. S., & Годунко, Е. С. (2020) · South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice · doi:10.21886/2712-8156-2020-1-2-28-37
“ИОПП,мл/м2 19,82 [17,72;22,08] 21,23 [18,1;27,75] р2-1=0,830 36,07 [32,29;42,15] р31<0,001 р3-2<0,001 27,85 [23,53;31,07] р4-1=0,004 р4-2=0,328 р4-3=0,004 < 0,001”
Beginning to Integrate Care for Diabetes and Depression
(2012) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1355
Multimorbidades e fatores associados em mulheres brasileiras de 40 a 65 anos
Machado, V. D. S. S. (2011) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2011.804797
Pohl, J., Heintze, C., & Herrmann, W. J. (2022) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmac073
Marcano-Rojas, M. V., Carrión‐Nessi, F. S., Flores-Barrios, V. A., González-Lugo, O. C., & Soto, L. (2022) · Gaceta Médica de Caracas · doi:10.47307/gmc.2022.130.1.13
Treatment burden for older people with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study in ChinaPreprint
Dou, L., Jiang, Q., Duncan, P., & Li, X. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1982282/v2
Managing patients with multimorbidity in primary care
Yamani, A. A. A., Zamil, B. T., Alassaf, M. A., Alamri, A. H., Alshahrani, M. A., Alanazi, M. G., Barak, Z. M. A., Alamri, F. T., Alowaini, A. S., Alhawsawi, S. Y., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222380 · Cited by 1
Treatment burden for older people with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study in ChinaPreprint
Dou, L., Jiang, Q., Duncan, P., & Li, X. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1982282/v1
Perzynski, A. T., & Stange, K. C. (2022) · The AMA Journal of Ethic · doi:10.1001/amajethics.2022.1112
Schmerzmedizinische Versorgung geriatrischer Patient:innen im perioperativen Setting
Spacek, A. (2023) · Anästhesie Nachrichten · doi:10.1007/s44179-023-00156-9
Norman, R. M., Jelin, E., & Bjertnæs, Ø. A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3494518/v1
Yakushin, M. A., Vorobeva, A. V., Васильев, М. Д., Kudrin, A. P., Yakushina, T. I., & Arseenkova, O. Y. (2023) · City Healthcare · doi:10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i3;72-86
Factors associated with non-treatment for long-term illness among incarcerated individuals
Nieto-Gutiérrez, W., Cvetković-Vega, A., Tavara, M. E. C., & Ponce, C. H. (2024) · International Journal of Prison Health · doi:10.1108/ijoph-05-2023-0026
Power, J. D., Katz, J. N., & Perruccio, A. V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1878
Balance measures of mini and brief balance evaluation system tests for Iranian population
Nakhostin-Ansari, A., Naghshtabrizi, N., Mohammadzadeh, M., Naghdi, S., Delavari, F., Khalifeloo, M., Vezvaei, P., & Ansari, N. N. (2023) · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2024.65.1.3051
“The high variation observed in older participants could be due to the differences in the activity level [30] and age-related comorbidities [46].”
BackgroundNumber of medicines taken correlates with renal function in older patients
Nakayama, S., Hirota, Y., Suzuki, Y., Nonaka, R., Kurosawa, E., Arima, Y., Oizumi, T., Yamagata, T., Mashiko, S., & Furukawa, K. (2024) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.14899
“1,5 Barnett et al . reported that the number of disorders affecting an individual increases with age, and approximately 65% of those aged >65 years and almost 82% of those aged 85 years or older have multimorbidity.”
BackgroundExploring the intersection of cancer, sepsis, and frailty: a scoping review
Smith‐Turchyn, J., Newman, A. N. L., Mukherjee, S. D., Beauchamp, M., Rochwerg, B. N., Edward, H., Nayiga, B. K., LI, L. C., Mian, H. S., & Kho, M. E. (2024) · Discover Medicine · doi:10.1007/s44337-024-00056-0
“The number of individuals living with multi-morbidity is projected to continue to increase substantially in the next decade as our population ages [2, 3, 5, 6].”
Alrashed, A., & Mohamed, H. (2024) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v8ns1.15242
“(14 – 16).”
Sara, H. H., Haque, M. A., & Haque, M. A. (2024) · Discover Social Science and Health · doi:10.1007/s44155-024-00132-x
“…education, and state of economic independence are the most important predictors of MM. MM is lower for elderly males than females, similar to the study of Bangladesh, which was conducted in a community setting where MM is higher among females [8], but different from other studies [11–14 , 16].”
Karshina, O. O. (2025) · The Clinician · doi:10.17650/1818-8338-2024-18-4-k724
Der Schmerz des Alters – das Altern des Schmerzes
Pinter, G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70207-9_11
Li, C., Long, C., Wu, F., Wu, H., Li, Y., Zhou, M., Fan, Y., & Shi, L. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6443491/v1
Comorbid obesity diseases and polypathies in young and middle-aged individuals
Синеглазова, А. В., & Рашидовна, Н. А. (2025) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2025-4103
Varanasi, R., Nayak, D., Sinha, A., Garg, K., Manchanda, R. K., Janardhanan, R., Tandon, S., & Pati, S. (2024) · AYUHOM · doi:10.4103/ayuhom.ayuhom_1_24
Hernández, M. G., & Villalba, S. F. (2025) · Actualización en Medicina de Familia · doi:10.55783/amf.211003
Bender, A., & Krönig, L. (2025) · Case Reports in Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000546383
“As older patients are more likely to suffer from dysphagia [4] and have a higher prevalence of multimorbidity [16], future studies to develop alternative HHI administration regimens for patients with dysphagia are needed to establish administration recommendations for this patient population.”
Shalom, M. M., Kantor, A., Azuri, E., Pirian, D. T., Kertes, J., Hemo, B., & Shmueli, T. (2025) · Israel Journal of Health Policy Research · doi:10.1186/s13584-025-00735-y
Consumers' willingness to use Home Medicines Review
Carter, S. (2012) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Fisher, K. A., Griffith, L. E., Gruneir, A., Upshur, R., Perez, R., Favotto, L., Nguyen, F., Markle‐Reid, M., & Ploeg, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13565666
Strumann, C., Blickle, P.-G., von Meißner, W., & Steinhäuser, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610066
Additional file 4 of Costs of multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Tran, P. B., Kazibwe, J., Nikolaidis, G. F., Linnosmaa, I., Rijken, M., & van Olmen, J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20336987
Additional file 1 of Costs of multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Tran, P. B., Kazibwe, J., Nikolaidis, G. F., Linnosmaa, I., Rijken, M., & van Olmen, J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20336978
Wu, S., Du, S., Feng, R., Liu, W., & Ye, W. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22826847
Fisher, K. A., Griffith, L. E., Gruneir, A., Upshur, R., Perez, R., Favotto, L., Nguyen, F., Markle‐Reid, M., & Ploeg, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13565669
Pierce, M., Foley, L., Kiely, B., Croke, A., Larkin, J., Smith, S. M., Clyne, B., & Murphy, E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644615
Mbuya-Bienge, C., Simard, M., Gaulin, M., Candas, B., & Sirois, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14175743
Wu, S., Du, S., Feng, R., Liu, W., & Ye, W. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22826844
Vela, E., Clèries, M., Monterde, D., Carot-Sans, G., Coca, M., Valero-Bover, D., Piera-Jiménez, J., García Eroles, L., & Sust, P. P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16829336
Pierce, M., Foley, L., Kiely, B., Croke, A., Larkin, J., Smith, S. M., Clyne, B., & Murphy, E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644618
Mbuya-Bienge, C., SIMARD, M., Gaulin, M., Candas, B., & Sirois, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14175746
Fisher, K. A., Griffith, L. E., Gruneir, A., Upshur, R., Perez, R., Favotto, L., Nguyen, F., Markle‐Reid, M., & Ploeg, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13565660
Fisher, K. A., Griffith, L. E., Gruneir, A., Upshur, R., Perez, R., Favotto, L., Nguyen, F., Markle‐Reid, M., & Ploeg, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13565654
Strumann, C., Engler, N., von Meißner, W., Blickle, P.-G., & Steinhäuser, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25203607
Pierce, M., Foley, L., Kiely, B., Croke, A., Larkin, J., Smith, S. M., Clyne, B., & Murphy, E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644624
Pierce, M., Foley, L., Kiely, B., Croke, A., Larkin, J., Smith, S. M., Clyne, B., & Murphy, E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644621
Wu, S., Du, S., Feng, R., Liu, W., & Ye, W. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22826856
Mbuya-Bienge, C., Simard, M., Gaulin, M., Candas, B., & Sirois, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14175740
An, H., Yang, H. W., Oh, D. J., Lim, E., Shin, J. Y., Moon, D. G., Suh, S. W., Byun, S., Kim, T. H., Kwak, K. P., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24312949
Fisher, K. A., Griffith, L. E., Gruneir, A., Upshur, R., Perez, R., Favotto, L., Nguyen, F., Markle‐Reid, M., & Ploeg, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13565663
Ho, C. L. B., Si, S., Brennan, A., Briffa, T. G., Stub, D., Ajani, A. E., & Reid, C. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25052271
Additional file 2 of Costs of multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Tran, P. B., Kazibwe, J., Nikolaidis, G. F., Linnosmaa, I., Rijken, M., & van Olmen, J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20336981
Fisher, K. A., Griffith, L. E., Gruneir, A., Upshur, R., Perez, R., Favotto, L., Nguyen, F., Markle‐Reid, M., & Ploeg, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13565657
Wu, S., Du, S., Feng, R., Liu, W., & Ye, W. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22826850
Fisher, K. A., Griffith, L. E., Gruneir, A., Upshur, R., Perez, R., Favotto, L., Nguyen, F., Markle‐Reid, M., & Ploeg, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13565672
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George, S., Block, H., Freeman, M., Stevens, A., Nguyen, S., Dymmott, A., Dent, E., & Milte, R. (2026) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-025-03147-8
Xu, F., Yi, Y., Chi, L., Liu, B., Zhang, W., Wu, Q., & Li, Z. (2026) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178847
Patient-Centred Care for Multimorbid Patients: A Scoping Review
den Wyngaert, I. V., Vaes, B., Delvaux, N., & Pottelbergh, G. V. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15103774
“The ageing and growth of the world’s population have led to an increasing number of people living with chronic conditions [1,2].”
Zhou, X., Li, X., Chen, H., & Deng, J. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0350183
“Unlike acute or episodic care, the healthcare needs of this group are defined by long-term, continuous, and stable nature [47].”
Tyagi, P., & Chen, J. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbag109
Bales, G., Schoenfelder, B., Kressig, R., & Mayer, H. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-112165
Biegus, K. R., & Ekdahl, A. (2026) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-026-01548-1
Measuring and Characterizing Psychiatric Multimorbidity Among Individuals with Mental Illness
Shaffer, P. M., Smelson, D. A., Attanasio, L. B., Goff, S. L., Bertone‐Johnson, E. R., & Geissler, K. H. (2026) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-026-01675-w
Impact of Primary Health Care Reforms in Quebec’s Health Care System: A Systematic Review
Lalonde, J.-D., Gartner, J., Bergeron, F., Tànfani, E., & Landa, P. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14203373
“…patients eligible for prioritised attachment [12,14,128,129,136]; social indicators such as material and social deprivation, income, education, employment, and language [14,33,146,179]; and multimorbidity, frailty, isolation, low health literacy, and migration status [101,102,162,166,170,176,178].”
Luo, Y., Lu, Y., Xiao, S., & Ke, X. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11013931/v1
Timotin, L. (2012) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
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Comorbidities in chronic «overcrowded posterior cranial fossa» syndrome
Заббарова, А. Т., Bogdanov, E. I., Хусаинова, Д. К., & Фатхеева, Л. С. (2013) · Kazan medical journal · doi:10.17816/kmj1593
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fortin, M.
- Affiliations
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Fortin, M.
- ORCID
- Fortin, M.
- Venue
- The Annals of Family Medicine
- Publisher
- Annals of Family Medicine
- Published
- 2005-05-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 223-228
- ISSN
- 1544-1709 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-1717
- PMC
- PMC1466875
- OpenAlex
- W2133526648
- Cited by
- 987
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 14.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Annals of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- multimorbidity, chronic disease, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, disease severity, prevalence, general practice, primary care patients, age differences, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Family Practice, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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