The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Thermal Stress and Coral Cover as Drivers of Coral Disease Outbreaks
Open accessAbstract
Very little is known about how environmental changes such as increasing temperature affect disease dynamics in the ocean, especially at large spatial scales. We asked whether the frequency of warm temperature anomalies is positively related to the frequency of coral disease across 1,500 km of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. We used a new high-resolution satellite dataset of ocean temperature and 6 y of coral disease and coral cover data from annual surveys of 48 reefs to answer this question. We found a highly significant relationship between the frequencies of warm temperature anomalies and of white syndrome, an emergent disease, or potentially, a group of diseases, of Pacific reef-building corals. The effect of temperature was highly dependent on coral cover because white syndrome outbreaks followed warm years, but only on high (>50%) cover reefs, suggesting an important role of host density as a threshold for outbreaks. Our results indicate that the frequency of temperature anomalies, which is predicted to increase in most tropical oceans, can increase the susceptibility of corals to disease, leading to outbreaks where corals are abundant.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Connell, J. H. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.199.4335.1302 · Cited by 9,417
Extinction risk from climate change
Thomas, C. D., Cameron, A., Green, R. E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L. J., Collingham, Y. C., Erasmus, B. F. N., de Siqueira, M. F., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02121 · Cited by 7,695
An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate
Reynolds, R. W., Rayner, N. A., Smith, T. M., Stokes, D. C., & Wang, W. (2002) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:aiisas>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 4,559
Climate Change, Human Impacts, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs
Hughes, T. P., Baird, A. H., Bellwood, D. R., Card, M., Connolly, S. R., Folke, C., Grosberg, R., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jackson, J. B. C., Kleypas, J., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1085046 · Cited by 3,928
Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1999) · Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1071/mf99078 · Cited by 3,878
Confronting the coral reef crisis
Bellwood, D. R., Hughes, T. P., Folke, C., & Nyström, M. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02691 · Cited by 3,415
Population biology of infectious diseases: Part I
Anderson, R. M., & May, R. M. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/280361a0 · Cited by 3,185
Climate Warming and Disease Risks for Terrestrial and Marine Biota
Harvell, C. D., Mitchell, C. E., Ward, J. R., Altizer, S., Dobson, A. P., Ostfeld, R. S., & Samuel, M. D. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063699 · Cited by 2,725
Self-citationLong-Term Region-Wide Declines in Caribbean Corals
Gardner, T. A., Côté, I. M., Gill, J. A., Grant, A., & Watkinson, A. R. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086050 · Cited by 2,222
Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming
Alan Pounds, J., Bustamante, M. R., Coloma, L. A., Consuegra, J. A., Fogden, M. P. L., Foster, P. N., La Marca, E., Masters, K. L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04246 · Cited by 1,960
Emerging Marine Diseases--Climate Links and Anthropogenic Factors
Harvell, C. D., Kim, K., Burkholder, J. M., Colwell, R. R., Epstein, P. R., Grimes, D. J., Hofmann, E. E., Lipp, E. K., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Overstreet, R. M., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5433.1505 · Cited by 1,834
Self-citationNatural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses
Short, F. T., & Wyllie-Echeverria, S. (1996) · Environmental Conservation · doi:10.1017/s0376892900038212 · Cited by 1,320
Global Climate and Infectious Disease: The Cholera Paradigm
Colwell, R. R. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5295.2025 · Cited by 1,286
Coral reef bleaching: ecological perspectives
Glynn, P. W. (1993) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/bf00303779 · Cited by 1,063
Coral decline threatens fish biodiversity in marine reserves
Jones, G. P., McCormick, M. I., Srinivasan, M., & Eagle, J. V. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0401277101 · Cited by 971
O'Connor, M. I., Bruno, J. F., Gaines, S. D., Halpern, B. S., Lester, S. E., Kinlan, B. P., & Weiss, J. M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0603422104 · Cited by 924
Self-citationCoral reef bleaching: facts, hypotheses and implications
GLYNN, P. W. (1996) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00063.x · Cited by 921
Global Biodiversity, Biochemical Kinetics, and the Energetic-Equivalence Rule
Allen, A. P., Brown, J. H., & Gillooly, J. F. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072380 · Cited by 901
Fitt, W., Brown, B., Warner, M., & Dunne, R. (2001) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s003380100146 · Cited by 825
White-band disease and the changing face of Caribbean coral reefs
Aronson, R. B., & Precht, W. F. (2001) · The Ecology and Etiology of Newly Emerging Marine Diseases · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3284-0_2 · Cited by 784
Social Organization and Parasite Risk in Mammals: Integrating Theory and Empirical Studies
Altizer, S., Nunn, C. L., Thrall, P. H., Gittleman, J. L., Antonovics, J., Cunningham, A. A., Dobson, A. P., Ezenwa, V., Jones, K. E., Pedersen, A. B., et al. (2003) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.030102.151725 · Cited by 770
Global Climate Change and Emerging Infectious Diseases
Patz, J. A. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530270057032 · Cited by 757
A 30-YEAR STUDY OF CORAL ABUNDANCE, RECRUITMENT, AND DISTURBANCE AT SEVERAL SCALES IN SPACE AND TIME
Connell, J. H., Hughes, T. P., & Wallace, C. C. (1997) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0461:aysoca]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 756
Complex causes of amphibian population declines
Kiesecker, J. M., Blaustein, A. R., & Belden, L. K. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35070552 · Cited by 740
Dynamic fragility of oceanic coral reef ecosystems
Graham, N. A. J., Wilson, S. K., Jennings, S., Polunin, N. V. C., Bijoux, J. P., & Robinson, J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600693103 · Cited by 738
Helmuth, B., Mieszkowska, N., Moore, P., & Hawkins, S. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110149 · Cited by 733
Nutrient enrichment can increase the severity of coral diseases
Bruno, J. F., Petes, L. E., Drew Harvell, C., & Hettinger, A. (2003) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00544.x · Cited by 605
Self-citationDisease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals
Sutherland, K., Porter, J., & Torres, C. (2004) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps266273 · Cited by 580
Fitt, W. K., McFarland, F. K., Warner, M. E., & Chilcoat, G. C. (2000) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0677 · Cited by 574
Kilpatrick, K. A., Podestá, G. P., & Evans, R. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/1999jc000065 · Cited by 569
Berkelmans, R., De’ath, G., Kininmonth, S., & Skirving, W. J. (2004) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-003-0353-y · Cited by 549
Evidence for the Role of Infectious Disease in Species Extinction and Endangerment
SMITH, K. F., SAX, D. F., & LAFFERTY, K. D. (2006) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00524.x · Cited by 548
Regulation of Keystone Predation by Small Changes in Ocean Temperature
Sanford, E. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5410.2095 · Cited by 531
MASS MORTALITY OF DIADEMA ANTILLARUM IN THE CARIBBEAN: What Have We Learned?
Lessios, H. A. (1988) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.002103 · Cited by 521
Cholera Dynamics and El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Pascual, M., Rodó, X., Ellner, S. P., Colwell, R., & Bouma, M. J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5485.1766 · Cited by 502
Marine Community Ecology: The Views of Many
McNeely, D. L. (2001) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2968:mcetvo]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 477
Kinetic effects of temperature on rates of genetic divergence and speciation
Allen, A. P., Gillooly, J. F., Savage, V. M., & Brown, J. H. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0603587103 · Cited by 468
The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata
Sutherland, K. P., Porter, J. W., Ritchie, K. B., Polson, S. W., Mueller, E. M., Peters, E. C., Santavy, D. L., & Smith, G. W. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.092260099 · Cited by 454
Coral Disease on the Great Barrier Reef
Willis, B. L., Page, C. A., & Dinsdale, E. A. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06414-6_3 · Cited by 425
Self-citationEdmunds, P. J., & Carpenter, R. C. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.071524598 · Cited by 400
The Elusive Baseline of Marine Disease: Are Diseases in Ocean Ecosystems Increasing?
Ward, J. R., & Lafferty, K. D. (2004) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020120 · Cited by 399
Habitat modification and facilitation in benthic marine communities
Bruno, J. F. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 399
Self-citationTick-borne encephalitis in Sweden and climate change
Lindgren, E., & Gustafson, R. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)05250-8 · Cited by 387
How should environmental stress affect the population dynamics of disease?
Lafferty, K. D., & Holt, R. D. (2003) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00480.x · Cited by 344
ENSO and cholera: A nonstationary link related to climate change?
Rodó, X., Pascual, M., Fuchs, G., & Faruque, A. S. G. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.182203999 · Cited by 343
Carpenter, R. C. (1990) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf01313159 · Cited by 317
Conservation, precaution, and Caribbean reefs
Aronson, R. B., & Precht, W. F. (2006) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-006-0122-9 · Cited by 301
Regression With Social Data: Modeling Continuous and Limited Response Variables
(2005) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2005.s304 · Cited by 298
Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching
Liu, G., Strong, A. E., & Skirving, W. (2003) · Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union · doi:10.1029/2003eo150001 · Cited by 296
Infectious Disease and Species Coexistence: A Model of Lotka-Volterra Form
Holt, R. D., & Pickering, J. (1985) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/284409 · Cited by 291
Berkelmans, R., & Willis, B. L. (1999) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s003380050186 · Cited by 286
Self-citationTime-integrated thermal bleaching thresholds of reefs and their variation on the Great Barrier Reef
Berkelmans, R. (2002) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps229073 · Cited by 259
Regression with Social Data: Modeling Continuous and Limited Response Variables
DeMaris, A. (2004) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471677566 · Cited by 240
Patterns of spread of coral disease in the Florida Keys
Porter, J. W., Dustan, P., Jaap, W. C., Patterson, K. L., Kosmynin, V., Meier, O. W., Patterson, M. E., & Parsons, M. (2001) · The Ecology and Etiology of Newly Emerging Marine Diseases · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3284-0_1 · Cited by 236
FISHING FOR LOBSTERS INDIRECTLY INCREASES EPIDEMICS IN SEA URCHINS
Lafferty, K. D. (2004) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/03-5088 · Cited by 232
Kuta, K., & Richardson, L. (2002) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-002-0261-6 · Cited by 215
The Vibrio shiloi / Oculina patagonica Model System of Coral Bleaching
ROSENBERG, E. B., & Falkovitz, L. (2004) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123610 · Cited by 214
Competition between scleractinian reef corals - a review of mechanisms and effects
Lang, J. C., & Chornesky, E. A. (1990) · Paardenkrant horses.nl/Ecosystems of the world · Cited by 213
Scleractinian corals as facilitators for other invertebrates on a Caribbean reef
Idjadi, J. A., & Edmunds, P. J. (2006) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps319117 · Cited by 205
Species Coexistence and Pathogens with Frequency‐Dependent Transmission
Rudolf, V. H. W., & Antonovics, J. (2005) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/430674 · Cited by 205
Extent and effect of Black Band Disease on a Caribbean reef
Edmunds, P. J. (1991) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/bf00572175 · Cited by 188
Alker, A. P., Smith, G. W., & Kim, K. (2001) · The Ecology and Etiology of Newly Emerging Marine Diseases · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3284-0_9 · Cited by 184
The Rise and Fall of a Six‐Year Coral‐Fungal Epizootic
Kim, K., & Harvell, C. (2004) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/424609 · Cited by 175
Self-citationBrown, B., Dunne, R. P., Ambarsari, I., Tissier, M. D. A. L., & Satapoomin, U. (1999) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps191053 · Cited by 171
El Niño related coral bleaching in Palau, Western Caroline Islands
Bruno, J., Siddon, C., Witman, J., Colin, P., & Toscano, M. (2001) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s003380100151 · Cited by 168
Self-citationAbundance and distribution of black band disease on coral reefs in the northern Florida Keys
Kuta, K. G., & Richardson, L. L. (1996) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/bf01787455 · Cited by 163
Dynamics of a temperature-related coral disease outbreak
Jones, R., Bowyer, J., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., & Blackall, L. (2004) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps281063 · Cited by 159
Winter, A., Appeldoorn, R. S., Bruckner, A. W., Williams, E. H., & Goenaga, C. (1998) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s003380050143 · Cited by 140
Superoxide Dismutase Is a Virulence Factor Produced by the Coral Bleaching Pathogen Vibrio shiloi
Banin, E., Vassilakos, D., Orr, E., Martinez, R. J., & ROSENBERG, E. B. (2003) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-002-3912-5 · Cited by 110
A human disease indicator for the effects of recent global climate change
Patz, J. A. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.212467899 · Cited by 102
Selig, E. R., Harvell, C. D., Bruno, J. F., Willis, B. L., Page, C. A., Casey, K. S., & Sweatman, H. P. A. (2006) · Coastal and estuarine studies · doi:10.1029/61ce07 · Cited by 96
Self-citationHistory Of Perkinsus Marinus, A Pathogen Of Oysters In Chesapeake Bay 1950-1984
Andrews, J. D. (1996) · W&M Publish (College of William & Mary) · Cited by 89
A demonstration of modeling count data with an application to physical activity
Slymen, D. J., Ayala, G. X., Arredondo, E. M., & Elder, J. P. (2006) · Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations · doi:10.1186/1742-5573-3-3 · Cited by 87
How are climate and marine biological outbreaks functionally linked?
Hayes, M. L., Bonaventura, J., Mitchell, T. P., Prospero, J. M., Shinn, E. A., Dolah, F. M. V., & Barber, R. T. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3284-0_19 · Cited by 85
RAIMONDI, P. T., Wilson, C. M., Ambrose, R. F., Engle, J. M., & Minchinton, T. (2002) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps242143 · Cited by 78
Roff, G., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., & Fine, M. (2006) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-006-0099-4 · Cited by 55
Cited by
Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152509 · Cited by 5,885
Self-citationAccelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems
Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J. B., Orth, R. J., Dennison, W. C., Olyarnik, S., Calladine, A., Fourqurean, J. W., Heck, K. L., Hughes, A. R., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0905620106 · Cited by 3,955
Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries
Allison, E. H., Perry, A. L., Badjeck, M., Neil Adger, W., Brown, K., Conway, D., Halls, A. S., Pilling, G. M., Reynolds, J. D., Andrew, N. L., et al. (2009) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00310.x · Cited by 1,259
Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005
Eakin, C. M., Morgan, J. A., Heron, S. F., Smith, T. B., Liu, G., Alvarez-Filip, L., Baca, B., Bartels, E., Bastidas, C., Bouchon, C., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013969 · Cited by 915
Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections
Danovaro, R., Bongiorni, L., Corinaldesi, C., Giovannelli, D., Damiani, E., Astolfi, P., Greci, L., & Pusceddu, A. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10966 · Cited by 611
Metadata
- Authors
- Bruno, J. F., Selig, E. R., Casey, K. S., Page, C. A., Willis, B. L., Harvell, C. D., Sweatman, H., & Melendy, A. M.
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2007-05-08
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e124
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- OpenAlex
- W2045175821
- Cited by
- 873
- References
- 77
- FWCI
- 41.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
