The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Walk on the Wild Side: Estimating the Global Magnitude of Visits to Protected Areas
Open accessAbstract
How often do people visit the world's protected areas (PAs)? Despite PAs covering one-eighth of the land and being a major focus of nature-based recreation and tourism, we don't know. To address this, we compiled a globally-representative database of visits to PAs and built region-specific models predicting visit rates from PA size, local population size, remoteness, natural attractiveness, and national income. Applying these models to all but the very smallest of the world's terrestrial PAs suggests that together they receive roughly 8 billion (8 x 109) visits/y-of which more than 80% are in Europe and North America. Linking our region-specific visit estimates to valuation studies indicates that these visits generate approximately US $600 billion/y in direct in-country expenditure and US $250 billion/y in consumer surplus. These figures dwarf current, typically inadequate spending on conserving PAs. Thus, even without considering the many other ecosystem services that PAs provide to people, our findings underscore calls for greatly increased investment in their conservation.
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Cites
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis
Assessment, M. E. (2005) · Island Press · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18167309 · Cited by 10,665
McCarthy, D. P., Donald, P. F., Scharlemann, J. P. W., Buchanan, G. M., Balmford, A., Green, J. M. H., Bennun, L. A., Burgess, N. D., Fishpool, L. D. C., Garnett, S. T., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1229803 · Cited by 680 · cited 1×
“We currently spend<$10 billion/y in safeguarding PAs [21]—a figure which is widely regarded as grossly insufficient [21–25].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTargeting global conservation funding to limit immediate biodiversity declines
Waldron, A., Mooers, A. O., Miller, D. C., Nibbelink, N., Redding, D., Kuhn, T. S., Roberts, J. T., & Gittleman, J. L. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1221370110 · Cited by 625
Cited by
Maes, J., Liquete, C., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Paracchini, M. L., Barredo, J. I., Grizzetti, B., Cardoso, A., Somma, F., Petersen, J.-E., et al. (2016) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.10.023 · Cited by 561
Emerging Technologies to Conserve Biodiversity
Pimm, S. L., Alibhai, S., Bergl, R., Dehgan, A., Giri, C., Jewell, Z., Joppa, L., Kays, R., & Loarie, S. (2015) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.008 · Cited by 349
How Nature-Based Tourism Might Increase Prey Vulnerability to Predators
Geffroy, B., Samia, D. S. M., Bessa, E., & Blumstein, D. T. (2015) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.010 · Cited by 332
Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans
Suzuki, T. A., Fitzstevens, J. L., Schmidt, V. T., Enav, H., Huus, K. E., Mbong Ngwese, M., Grießhammer, A., Pfleiderer, A., Adegbite, B. R., Zinsou, J. F., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm7759 · Cited by 210
Gene tree discordance causes apparent substitution rate variation
Mendes, F. K., & Hahn, M. W. (2016) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw018 · Cited by 189
Metadata
- Authors
- Balmford, A., Green, J. M. H., Anderson, M., Beresford, J., Huang, C., Naidoo, R., Walpole, M., & Manica, A.
- Venue
- PLOS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-02-24
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e1002074
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- OpenAlex
- W2135656056
- Cited by
- 866
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 47.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Balmford, A., Green, J. M. H., Anderson, M., Beresford, J., Huang, C., Naidoo, R., Walpole, M., & Manica, A. (2015). Walk on the Wild Side: Estimating the Global Magnitude of Visits to Protected Areas. PLOS Biology. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002074
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