The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Exploring the human dimensions of harmful algal blooms through a well-being framework to increase resilience in a changing world
Abstract
Climate change is expected to alter harmful algal bloom (HAB) dynamics in marine and freshwater systems around the world, with some regions already experiencing significant increases in HAB events. There has been considerable investment of effort to identify, characterize, track, and predict the direction and magnitude of HAB response to climate variability and change. In comparison, far less effort has been devoted to understanding how human communities respond to HABs in a changing world. Harmful algal blooms alter social-ecological interactions and can have negative consequences for human well-being. This is especially true for fishing communities because their resource-based economies operate at the interface of the natural environment and society. Identifying the components of human well-being that are most affected by HABs can advance ecosystem assessment and inform choices about climate-ready management strategies in and across complex systems. This study uses a framework for considering human well-being in management contexts to explore the effects of HABs of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. on US West Coast fishing communities. We find that HABs, and the management strategies to address them, affect almost every domain of human well-being; however, less than half of these effects meet the criteria to be considered by federal disaster response and recovery programs that provide relief to impacted communities. Moreover, much of the data used to measure the effects of HABs that are eligible for consideration by these programs are not consistently collected, which could lead to inequitable access to disaster relief. Our analysis provides a starting point for communities to develop a suite of high-quality indicators of human well-being to evaluate HAB impacts, assess the effectiveness of management actions and the equity of management outcomes, and track adaptation to system dynamics and external pressures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, in recent years there has been a concerted effort to include factors of human well-being in studies of climate stress, fisheries participation, and ecosystem management (Breslow et al. 2016, Holland et al. 2020, Moore et al. 2024).”
From Collapse of the oyster population in Apalachicola Bay: cascading social impacts from an ecologically and culturally significant species (2025) · cites this paper as Moore et al. 2024
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 75
- Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis.
- DM Anderson, 2012, Progress in understanding harmful algal blooms: Paradigm shifts and new technologies for research, monitoring, and management, Annual Review of Marine Science, 4, 143, 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081121 · DOI · Paper page
- A Zingone, 2000, The diversity of harmful algal blooms: a challenge for science and management, Ocean and Coastal Management, 43, 725, 10.1016/S0964-5691(00)00056-9 · DOI
- SK Moore, 2020, Harmful algal blooms and coastal communities: socioeconomic impacts and actions taken to cope with the 2015 U.S. West Coast domoic acid event, Harmful Algae, 96, 101799, 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101799 · DOI
- J Ritzman, 2018, Economic and sociocultural impacts of fisheries closures in two fishing-dependent communities following the massive 2015 U.S. West Coast harmful algal bloom, Harmful Algae, 80, 35, 10.1016/j.hal.2018.09.002 · DOI
- C Willis, 2018, Harmful algal blooms: the impacts on cultural ecosystem services and human well-being in a case study setting, Cornwall, UK., Marine Policy, 97, 232, 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.06.002 · DOI
- E Berdalet, 2016, Marine harmful algal blooms, human health and wellbeing: challenges and opportunities in the 21st century, J Mar Biol Assoc U K, 96, 61, 10.1017/S0025315415001733 · DOI
- SJ Bograd, 2019, Developing a Social–Ecological–Environmental System Framework to Address Climate Change Impacts in the North Pacific., Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 10.3389/fmars.2019.00333 · DOI
- PN Dudley, 2021, A More Comprehensive Climate Vulnerability Assessment Framework for Fisheries Social-Ecological Systems., Frontiers in Marine Science, 8
- ER Van Dolah, 2016, Employing a socio-ecological systems approach to engage harmful algal bloom stakeholders., Aquat Ecol., 50, 577, 10.1007/s10452-015-9562-z · DOI
- US National Office for Harmful Algal Bloom, 2021, Proceedings of the Workshop on the Socio-economic Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms in the United States
- SJ Breslow, 2016, Conceptualizing and operationalizing human wellbeing for ecosystem assessment and management., Environmental Science & Policy, 66, 250, 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.023 · DOI · Paper page
- SJ Breslow, 2017, Evaluating indicators of human well-being for ecosystem-based management., Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 3, 1, 10.1080/20964129.2017.1411767 · DOI
- KM Leong, 2019, Improving Representation of Human Well-Being and Cultural Importance in Conceptualizing the West Hawai‘i Ecosystem., Frontiers in Marine Science, 6
- M Szymkowiak, 2021, Sustaining an Alaska Coastal Community: Integrating Place Based Well-Being Indicators and Fisheries Participation., Coastal Management., 49, 107, 10.1080/08920753.2021.1846165 · DOI
- R Donkersloot, 2020, Assessing the sustainability and equity of Alaska salmon fisheries through a well-being framework., Ecol Soc., 25, 18, 10.5751/ES-11549-250218 · DOI
- CL Smith, 2010, Measuring Subjective and Objective Well-being: Analyses from Five Marine Commercial Fisheries., Human Organization., 69, 158, 10.17730/humo.69.2.b83x6t44878u4782 · DOI
- TR Johnson, 2014, In Their Own Words: Fishermen’s Perspectives of Community Resilience., University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences:
- LC Backer, 2009, Impacts of Florida red tides on coastal communities, Harmful Algae, 8, 618, 10.1016/j.hal.2008.11.008 · DOI
- MC Fisher, 2021, Climate shock effects and mediation in fisheries, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118, e2014379117, 10.1073/pnas.2014379117 · DOI
- TL King, 2021, Hiding in plain sight: Shellfish-killing phytoplankton in Washington State., Harmful Algae, 105, 102032, 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102032 · DOI
- M Olokotum, 2020, A review of the socioecological causes and consequences of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Victoria., Harmful Algae, 96, 101829, 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101829 · DOI
- CJ Gobler, 2020, Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms: Insights and perspective, Harmful Algae, 91, 101731, 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101731 · DOI
- GM Hallegraeff, 2010, Ocean climate change, phytoplankton community responses, and harmful algal blooms: a formidable predictive challenge, J Phycol, 46, 220, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00815.x · DOI · Paper page
- ML Wells, 2020, Future HAB science: Directions and challenges in a changing climate, Harmful Algae, 91, 101632, 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101632 · DOI
- ML Wells, 2015, Harmful algal blooms and climate change: Learning from the past and present to forecast the future, Harmful Algae, 49, 68, 10.1016/j.hal.2015.07.009 · DOI · Paper page
- GM Hallegraeff, 2021, Perceived global increase in algal blooms is attributable to intensified monitoring and emerging bloom impacts., Communications Earth & Environment., 2, 117, 10.1038/s43247-021-00178-8 · DOI
- DM Anderson, 2021, Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States: History, current status and future trends., Harmful Algae, 102, 101975, 10.1016/j.hal.2021.101975 · DOI
- RM McCabe, 2016, An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions, Geophys Res Lett, 43, 10366, 10.1002/2016GL070023 · DOI
- VL Trainer, 2020, Climate Extreme Seeds a New Domoic Acid Hotspot on the US West Coast., Frontiers in Climate., 2, 571836, 10.3389/fclim.2020.571836 · DOI
- SM McKibben, 2017, Climatic regulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 239, 10.1073/pnas.1606798114 · DOI
- Coastal Response Research Center, 2021, Proceedings of the Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Preparedness & Response Virtual Workshop and Tabletop Exercise.
- JA Ekstrom, 2020, Examining harmful algal blooms through a disaster risk management lens: A case study of the 2015 U.S. West Coast domoic acid event., Harmful Algae, 94
- AJ Lewitus, 2012, Harmful algal blooms along the North American west coast region: History, trends, causes, and impacts, Harmful Algae, 19, 133, 10.1016/j.hal.2012.06.009 · DOI
- SK Moore, 2019, An index of fisheries closures due to harmful algal blooms and a framework for identifying vulnerable fishing communities on the U.S. West Coast., Marine Policy
- DS Holland, 2020, Is a delay a disaster? Economic impacts of the delay of the California Dungeness crab fishery due to a harmful algal bloom, Harmful Algae, 98
- JC Ainsworth, 2012, The Oregon Recreational Dungeness Crab Fishery, 2007–2011., Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife,
- EM Fuller, 2017, Characterizing fisheries connectivity in marine social-ecological systems, ICES J Mar Sci
- K Dyson, 2010, Regional economic impacts of razor clam beach closures due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) on the Pacific coast of Washington., Harmful Algae, 9, 264, 10.1016/j.hal.2009.11.003 · DOI
- KM Crosman, 2019, Clam hunger and the changing ocean: characterizing social and ecological risks to the Quinault razor clam fishery using participatory modeling., Ecol Soc, 24, 16, 10.5751/ES-10928-240216 · DOI
- JP Ryan, 2017, Causality of an extreme harmful algal bloom in Monterey Bay, California, during the 2014–2016 northeast Pacific warm anomaly, Geophys Res Lett, 44, 5571, 10.1002/2017GL072637 · DOI
- C Harvey, 2020, Ecosystem Status Report of the California Current for 2019–20: A Summary of Ecosystem Indicators Compiled by the California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Team (CCIEA).
- VL Trainer, 2020, Pelagic harmful algal blooms and climate change: Lessons from nature’s experiments with extremes, Harmful Algae, 91, 101591, 10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.009 · DOI
- CM Free, 2022, The value of monitoring in efficiently and adaptively managing biotoxin contamination in marine fisheries, Harmful Algae, 114, 102226, 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102226 · DOI
- V. Helliwell, 2009, Fisheries Management for California Dungeness Crab—Adapting to Change, Coastal Management, 37, 491, 10.1080/08920750903269280 · DOI
- SL Jardine, 2020, Inequality in the economic impacts from climate shocks in fisheries: the case of harmful algal blooms., Ecol Econ, 176
- LK Rasmuson, 2013, Chapter Three—The Biology, Ecology and Fishery of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, 95
- K Richerson, 2020, Nearly a half century of high but sustainable exploitation in the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) fishery., Fisheries Research., 226, 105528, 10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105528 · DOI
- BE Ferriss, 2017, Acute and chronic dietary exposure to domoic acid in recreational harvesters: A survey of shellfish consumption behavior., Environ Int., 101, 70, 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.006 · DOI
- FFM Mazzillo, 2010, Angler exposure to domoic acid via consumption of contaminated fishes, Aquatic Biology, 9, 1, 10.3354/ab00238 · DOI
- LD Stuchal, 2020, Dose-response assessment for impaired memory from chronic exposure to domoic acid among native American consumers of razor clams., Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 117, 104759, 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104759 · DOI
- ECD Todd, 1993, Domoic Acid and Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning—A Review, J Food Prot, 56, 69, 10.4315/0362-028X-56.1.69 · DOI
- VL Trainer, 2010, The distribution and impacts of harmful algal bloom species in eastern boundary upwelling systems, Progress in Oceanography, 85, 33, 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.02.003 · DOI
- KM Moore, 2020, Harmful algal blooms: identifying effective adaptive actions used in fishery-dependent communities in response to a protracted event., Frontiers in Marine Science, 6
- J Mao, 2020, Market impacts of a toxic algae event: the case of California Dungeness crab, Marine Resource Economics, 35, 1, 10.1086/707643 · DOI
- LM Grattan, 2018, Repeated Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Domoic Acid and Problems with Everyday Memory: Research to Public Health Outreach., Toxins (Basel)., 10, 10.3390/toxins10030103 · DOI
- BE Feist, 2021, Footprints of fixed-gear fisheries in relation to rising whale entanglements on the U.S. West Coast., Fish Manag Ecol, 28, 283, 10.1111/fme.12478 · DOI
- JF Samhouri, 2021, Marine heatwave challenges solutions to human-wildlife conflict, Proc Biol Sci, 288, 20211607
- JA Santora, 2020, Habitat compression and ecosystem shifts as potential links between marine heatwave and record whale entanglements, Nature Communications, 11, 536, 10.1038/s41467-019-14215-w · DOI
- SM Roberts, 2016, Perception of risk for domoic acid related health problems: A cross-cultural study, Harmful Algae, 57, 39, 10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.007 · DOI
- PS Levin, 2009, Integrated ecosystem assessments: developing the scientific basis for ecosystem-based management of the ocean, PLoS Biol, 7, e14, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000014 · DOI
- CS Holling, 1978, Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management:
- C. Walters, 1986, Adaptive Management of Renewable Resources, 374
- LC Backer, 2012, Environmental Pollution and its Relation to Climate Change. 1, 485
- NOAA Office for Coastal Management, 2022, NOAA’s National Coastal Zone Management Program
- NCCOS and US IOOS, 2020, Framework for the National Harmful Algal Bloom Observing Network: A Workshop Report.
- IOOS Association, 2021, Implementation Strategy for a National Harmful Algal Bloom Observing Network (NHABON).
- J Kershner, 2011, Selecting indicator portfolios for marine species and food webs: a Puget sound case study., PLoS One., 6, e25248, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025248 · DOI
- GD Williams, 2021, Place-Based Ecosystem Management: Adapting Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Processes for Developing Scientifically and Socially Relevant Indicator Portfolios., Coastal Management., 49, 46, 10.1080/08920753.2021.1846154 · DOI
- MS Reed, 2008, Participatory indicator development: what can ecologists and local communities learn from each other?, Ecol Appl., 18, 1253, 10.1890/07-0519.1 · DOI
- DK Asare-Kyei, 2015, Multi-scale participatory indicator development approaches for climate change risk assessment in West Africa., International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 11, 13, 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.11.001 · DOI
- M Wiber, 2004, Participatory research supporting community-based fishery management., Marine Policy, 28, 459, 10.1016/j.marpol.2003.10.020 · DOI
- FEMA, 2022, Virgin Islands Water Shortage and Health Impact From Unprecedented Sargassum Seagrass Influx, EM-3581-VI
- KE Ingeman, 2019, Ocean recoveries for tomorrow’s Earth: Hitting a moving target, Science, 363, eaav1004, 10.1126/science.aav1004 · DOI
- M. Bauer, 2006, Harmful Algal Research and Response: A Human Dimensions Strategy.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mansfield, E., Lester, S., Rassweiler, A., & Brooke, S. (2025) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-15989-300137 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Moore, S. K., Broadwater, M., Cha, C., Dortch, Q., Harvey, C. J., Norman, K. C., Pearce, J., Pomeroy, C., & Samhouri, J. F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS Climate
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2024-05-06
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0000411
- ISSN
- 2767-3200
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exploring the human dimensions of harmful algal blooms through a well-being framework to increase resilience in a changing world. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000411
- The paper
- Moore, S. K., Broadwater, M., Cha, C., Dortch, Q., Harvey, C. J., Norman, K. C., Pearce, J., Pomeroy, C., & Samhouri, J. F. (2024). Exploring the human dimensions of harmful algal blooms through a well-being framework to increase resilience in a changing world. PLOS Climate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000411