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Cited by 314Alcohol Consumption and Health EffectsGenetic Associations and EpidemiologyBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Alcohol Intake and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review Implementing a Mendelian Randomization Approach

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Chen, Lina, Davey Smith, George, Harbord, Roger M, Lewis, Sarah J·2008·PLoS Medicine
DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050052PMC PMC2265305
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alcohol has been reported to be a common and modifiable risk factor for hypertension. However, observational studies are subject to confounding by other behavioural and sociodemographic factors, while clinical trials are difficult to implement and have limited follow-up time. Mendelian randomization can provide robust evidence on the nature of this association by use of a common polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) as a surrogate for measuring alcohol consumption. ALDH2 encodes a major enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. Individuals homozygous for the null variant (*2*2) experience adverse symptoms when drinking alcohol and consequently drink considerably less alcohol than wild-type homozygotes (*1*1) or heterozygotes. We hypothesise that this polymorphism may influence the risk of hypertension by affecting alcohol drinking behaviour. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We carried out fixed effect meta-analyses of the ALDH2 genotype with blood pressure (five studies, n = 7,658) and hypertension (three studies, n = 4,219) using studies identified via systematic review. In males, we obtained an overall odds ratio of 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-3.55, p = 4.8 x 10(-6)) for hypertension comparing *1*1 with *2*2 homozygotes and an odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI 1.17-2.52, p = 0.006) comparing heterozygotes (surrogate for moderate drinkers) with *2*2 homozygotes. Systolic blood pressure was 7.44 mmHg (95% CI 5.39-9.49, p = 1.1 x 10(-12)) greater among *1*1 than among *2*2 homozygotes, and 4.24 mmHg (95% CI 2.18-6.31, p = 0.00005) greater among heterozygotes than among *2*2 homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that alcohol intake has a marked effect on blood pressure and the risk of hypertension.

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Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050052

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Figure 1 Flow Diagram Showing Reasons for Exclusion and Number of Papers Excluded
Figure 1 Flow Diagram Showing Reasons for Exclusion and Number of Papers ExcludedCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Forest Plot of Studies of ALDH2 Genotype and Hypertension
Figure 2 Forest Plot of Studies of ALDH2 Genotype and HypertensionCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Forest Plot of Studies of ALDH2 Genotype and Blood Pressure
Figure 3 Forest Plot of Studies of ALDH2 Genotype and Blood PressureCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Mean Blood Pressure in Each Genotype Plotted against Mean Alcohol Consumption in Each Genotype in the Three Studies That Gave Data for Both Relationships Top graph: systolic blood pressure. Bottom graph: diastolic blood pressure. Larger plotting symbols indicate a greater number of individuals.
Figure 4 Mean Blood Pressure in Each Genotype Plotted against Mean Alcohol Consumption in Each Genotype in the Three Studies That Gave Data for Both Relationships Top graph: systolic blood pressure. Bottom graph: diastolic blood pressure. Larger plotting symbols indicate a greater number of individuals.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Forest Plot of Instrumental Variable Estimates of Alcohol–Blood Pressure Effect in Males Obtained Using Genotype as an Instrument for Alcohol
Figure 5 Forest Plot of Instrumental Variable Estimates of Alcohol–Blood Pressure Effect in Males Obtained Using Genotype as an Instrument for AlcoholCC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 29

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  29. Iwai, 2004, J Hypertens, 22, 1119

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Metadata

Authors
Chen, L., Davey Smith, G., Harbord, R. M., & Lewis, S. J.
Affiliations
University of Bristol (GB)
Corresponding author
Lewis, Sarah J
ORCID
Venue
PLoS Medicine
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2008-03-04
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
e52
ISSN
  • 1549-1277 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-1676
DOI
10.1371/journal.pmed.0050052
PMC
PMC2265305
OpenAlex
W2097040757
Cited by
314
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 25
FWCI
2.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (publishedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords
alcohol consumption, blood pressure, hypertension, ALDH2, ALDH2 polymorphism, genetic susceptibility, alcohol metabolism, systolic blood pressure
MeSH terms
Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Pressure, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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