Cited by 316Steroid Chemistry and BiochemistryFungal and yeast genetics researchYeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

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Phylogenetic Distribution of Fungal Sterols

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Weete, John D., Abril, Maritza, Blackwell, Meredith·2010·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010899PMC PMC2878339

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ergosterol has been considered the "fungal sterol" for almost 125 years; however, additional sterol data superimposed on a recent molecular phylogeny of kingdom Fungi reveals a different and more complex situation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The interpretation of sterol distribution data in a modern phylogenetic context indicates that there is a clear trend from cholesterol and other Delta(5) sterols in the earliest diverging fungal species to ergosterol in later diverging fungi. There are, however, deviations from this pattern in certain clades. Sterols of the diverse zoosporic and zygosporic forms exhibit structural diversity with cholesterol and 24-ethyl -Delta(5) sterols in zoosporic taxa, and 24-methyl sterols in zygosporic fungi. For example, each of the three monophyletic lineages of zygosporic fungi has distinctive major sterols, ergosterol in Mucorales, 22-dihydroergosterol in Dimargaritales, Harpellales, and Kickxellales (DHK clade), and 24-methyl cholesterol in Entomophthorales. Other departures from ergosterol as the dominant sterol include: 24-ethyl cholesterol in Glomeromycota, 24-ethyl cholest-7-enol and 24-ethyl-cholesta-7,24(28)-dienol in rust fungi, brassicasterol in Taphrinales and hypogeous pezizalean species, and cholesterol in Pneumocystis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Five dominant end products of sterol biosynthesis (cholesterol, ergosterol, 24-methyl cholesterol, 24-ethyl cholesterol, brassicasterol), and intermediates in the formation of 24-ethyl cholesterol, are major sterols in 175 species of Fungi. Although most fungi in the most speciose clades have ergosterol as a major sterol, sterols are more varied than currently understood, and their distribution supports certain clades of Fungi in current fungal phylogenies. In addition to the intellectual importance of understanding evolution of sterol synthesis in fungi, there is practical importance because certain antifungal drugs (e.g., azoles) target reactions in the synthesis of ergosterol. These findings also invalidate use of ergosterol as an indicator of biomass of certain fungal taxa (e.g., Glomeromycota). Data from this study are available from the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) Structural and Biochemical Database: http://aftol.umn.edu.

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Authors: Weete, J. D., Abril, M., & Blackwell, M.
Affiliations: Louisiana State University (US)
Corresponding author: Blackwell, Meredith
ORCID: Abril, Maritza
Blackwell, Meredith
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2010-05-28
Volume: 5
Issue: 5
Pages: e10899
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010899
PMC: PMC2878339
OpenAlex: W2043642851
Cited by: 316
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 4.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0732671)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Keywords: fungal sterols, ergosterol, sterol biosynthesis, fungal phylogeny, cholesterol, brassicasterol, rust fungi, Glomeromycota, zoosporic fungi, azole antifungals
MeSH terms: Fungi, Phylogeny, Seawater, Sterols

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Phylogenetic Distribution of Fungal Sterols

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