CNS Penetration of Intrathecal-Lumbar Idursulfase in the Monkey, Dog and Mouse: Implications for Neurological Outcomes of Lysosomal Storage Disorder
Open accessAbstract
A major challenge for the treatment of many central nervous system (CNS) disorders is the lack of convenient and effective methods for delivering biological agents to the brain. Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). I2S is a large, highly glycosylated enzyme. Intravenous administration is not likely to be an effective therapy for disease-related neurological outcomes that require enzyme access to the brain cells, in particular neurons and oligodendrocytes. We demonstrate that intracerebroventricular and lumbar intrathecal administration of recombinant I2S in dogs and nonhuman primates resulted in widespread enzyme distribution in the brain parenchyma, including remarkable deposition in the lysosomes of both neurons and oligodendrocytes. Lumbar intrathecal administration also resulted in enzyme delivery to the spinal cord, whereas little enzyme was detected there after intraventricular administration. Mucopolysaccharidosis II model is available in mice. Lumbar administration of recombinant I2S to enzyme deficient animals reduced the storage of glycosaminoglycans in both superficial and deep brain tissues, with concurrent morphological improvements. The observed patterns of enzyme transport from cerebrospinal fluid to the CNS tissues and the resultant biological activity (a) warrant further investigation of intrathecal delivery of I2S via lumbar catheter as an experimental treatment for the neurological symptoms of Hunter syndrome and (b) may have broader implications for CNS treatment with biopharmaceuticals.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Widespread penetration of substances from CSF into brain parenchyma along perivascular spaces of arteries is well supported by animal studies with a similar experimental setup.
“Widespread penetration of substances from CSF into brain parenchyma along perivascular spaces of arteries is, however, well supported by animal studies with a similar experimental setup to ours (1, 47-49).”
From Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. (2018) · cites this paper as [47]
The Discussion reports that CSF-delivered idursulfase reached deep brain tissue and moved within perivascular spaces; the Results also show widespread deposition in monkey and dog brains. The cited passages do not establish that those spaces specifically surround arteries, so the arterial-pathway detail is not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 64 · Cited by 133
Research works printed but not linked: 62
- [1]Abbott NJ Patabendige AA Dolman DE Yusof SR Begley DJ 2010 Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol Dis 37 13 25 19664713
- [2]Brown PD Davies SL Speake T Millar ID 2004 Molecular mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid production. Neuroscience 129 957 970 15561411 PMC1890044
- [3]Laterra J Goldstein GW 2000 Ventricular organization of the cerebrospinal fluid: blood-brain barrier, brain edema, and hydrocephalus Kandel E Schwartz JH Jessel TM Principles of neural science New York McGraw-Hill 1288 1301
- [4]Pardridge WM 2003 Blood-brain barrier drug targeting: the future of brain drug development. Mol Interv 3 90 105, 151 14993430
- [5]Boado RJ Pardridge WM 2010 Genetic engineering of IgG-glucuronidase fusion proteins. J. Drug Target 18 205 211 19827970 PMC2884384
- [6]Boado RJ Hui EK Lu JZ Pardridge WM 2009 AGT-181: expression in CHO cells and pharmacokinetics, safety, and plasma iduronidase enzyme activity in Rhesus monkeys. J Biotechnol 144 135 141 19735678 PMC2783776
- [7]Boado RJ Zhang Y Wang Y Pardridge WM 2009 Engineering and expression of a chimeric transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody for blood-brain barrier delivery in the mouse. Biotechnol Bioeng 102 1251 1258 18942151 PMC2729652
- [8]Boado RJ Zhou QH Lu JZ Hui EK Pardridge WM 2010 Pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of a genetically engineered bifunctional fusion antibody targeting the mouse transferrin receptor. Mol Pharm 7 237 244 19921848 PMC2858389
- [9]Zhang Y Jeong Lee H Boado RJ Pardridge WM 2002 Receptor-mediated delivery of an antisense gene to human brain cancer cells. J Gene Med 4 183 194 11933219
- [10]Coloma MJ Lee HJ Kurihara A Landaw EM Boado RJ 2000 Transport across the primate blood-brain barrier of a genetically engineered chimeric monoclonal antibody to the human insulin receptor. Pharm Res 17 266 274 10801214
- [11]Barbu E Molnar E Tsibouklis J Gorecki DC 2009 The potential for nanoparticle-based drug delivery to the brain: overcoming the blood-brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 6 553 565 19435406
- [12]Ghafoor VL Epshteyn M Carlson GH Terhaar DM Charry O 2008 Intrathecal drug therapy for long-term pain management. Am J Health Syst Pharm 64 2447 2461 18029950
- [13]Belverud S Mogilner A Schulder M 2008 Intrathecal pumps. Neurotherapeutics 5 114 122 18164490 PMC5084133
- [14]Soderquist RG Mahoney MJ 2010 Central nervous system delivery of large molecules: challenges and new frontiers for intrathecally administered therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 7 285 293 20201735 PMC4068128
- [15]Hsieh JC Penn RD 2006 Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of adult spasticity. Neurosurg Focus 21 1 6 16918226
- [16]Gooch JL Oberg WA Grams B Ward LA Walker ML 2003 Complications of intrathecal baclofen pumps in children. Pediatr Neurosurg 39 1 6 12784068
- [17]Nutt JG Burchiel KJ Comella CL Jankovic J Lang AE 2003 Randomized, double-blind trial of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in PD. Neurology 60 69 73 12525720
- [18]Patel NK Gill SS 2007 GDNF delivery for Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurochir 97 Suppl 135 154 17691299
- [19]Ballantyne JC Carwood CM 2005 Comparative efficacy of epidural, subarachnoid, and intracerebroventricular opioids in patients with pain due to cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005178 15654707
- [20]Kerr JZ Berg S Blaney SM 2001 Intrathecal chemotherapy. Crit. Rev Oncol Hematol 37 227 236 11248578
- [21]Rieselbach RE Di Chiro G Freireich EJ Rall DP 1962 Subarachnoid distribution of drugs after lumbar injection. N Engl J Med 267 1273 1278 13973811
- [22]Ghersi-Egea JF Finnegan W Chen JL Fenstermacher JD 1996 Rapid distribution of intraventricularly administered sucrose into cerebrospinal fluid cisterns via subarachnoid velae in rat. Neuroscience 75 1271 1288 8938759
- [23]Proescholdt MG Hutto B Brady LS Herkenham M 2000 Studies of cerebrospinal fluid flow and penetration into brain following lateral ventricle and cisterna magna injections of the tracer [14C]inulin in rat. Neuroscience 95 577 592 10658638
- [24]Rennels ML Blaumanis OR Grady PA 1990 Rapid solute transport throughout the brain via paravascular fluid pathways. Adv Neurol 52 431 439 2396537
- [25]Rennels ML Gregory TF Blaumanis OR Fujimoto K Grady PA 1985 Evidence for a ‘paravascular’ fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space. Brain Res 326 47 63 3971148
- [26]Meikle PJ Hopwood JJ Clague AE Carey WF 1999 Prevalence of lysosomal storage disorders. J Am Med Assoc 281 249 254 9918480
- [27]Martin R Beck M Eng C Giugliani R Harmatz P 2008 Recognition and diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome). Pediatrics 121 e377 386 18245410
- [28]Elaprase [package insert] 2010 Cambridge, MA Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc
- [29]Begley DJ Pontikis CC Scarpa M 2008 Lysosomal storage diseases and the blood-brain barrier. Curr Pharm Des 14 1566 1580 18673198
- [30]Tsai SY Markus TM Andrews EM Cheatwood JL Emerick AJ 2007 Intrathecal treatment with anti-Nogo-A antibody improves functional recovery in adult rats after stroke. Exp Brain Res182 261 266 17717658
- [31]Kakkis E McEntee M Vogler C Le S Levy B 2004 Intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy reduces lysosomal storage in the brain and meninges of the canine model of MPS I. Mol Genet Metab 83 163 174 15464431
- [32]Fenstermacher J Kaye T 1988 Drug “diffusion” within the brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 531 29 39 3382143
- [33]Chiro GD Hammock MK Bleyer WA 1976 Spinal descent of cerebrospinal fluid in man. Neurology 26 1 8 942765
- [35]Felice BR Wright TL Boyd RB Butt MT Pfeifer RW 2011 Safety evaluation of chronic intrathecal administration of idursulfase-IT in cynomolgus monkeys. Toxicol Pathol 39 879 892 21628718
- [36]Garcia AR Pan J Lamsa JC Muenzer J 2007 The characterization of a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome). J Inherit Metab Dis 30 924 934 17876721
- [37]Kakkis ED 2002 Enzyme replacement therapy for the mucopolysaccharide storage disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 11 675 685 11996648
- [38]Hemsley KM Hopwood JJ 2009 Delivery of recombinant proteins via the cerebrospinal fluid as a therapy option for neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases. Int J Clin Pharmacol. Ther 47 (Suppl 1) S118 123 20040322
- [39]Hamano K Hayashi M Shioda K Fukatsu R Mizutani S 2008 Mechanisms of neurodegeneration in mucopolysaccharidoses II and IIIB: analysis of human brain tissue. Acta Neuropathol 115 547 559 18060551
- [41]Matheus MG Castillo M Smith JK Armao D Towle D 2004 Brain MRI findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis types I and II and mild clinical presentation. Neuroradiology 46 666 672 15205860
- [42]Guffon N Bertrand Y Forest I Fouilhoux A Froissart R 2009 Bone marrow transplantation in children with Hunter syndrome: outcome after 7 to 17 years. J Pediatr 154 733 737 19167723
- [43]Shihabuddin LS Aubert I 2010 Stem cell transplantation for neurometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropharmacology 58 845 854 20036262
- [44]Passini MA Lee EB Heuer GG Wolfe JH 2002 Distribution of a lysosomal enzyme in the adult brain by axonal transport and by cells of the rostral migratory stream. J Neurosci 22 6437 6446 12151523 PMC6758166
- [45]Cearley CN Wolfe JH 2007 A single injection of an adeno-associated virus vector into nuclei with divergent connections results in widespread vector distribution in the brain and global correction of a neurogenetic disease. J Neurosci 27 9928 9940 17855607 PMC6672652
- [46]Luca T Givogri MI Perani L Galbiati F Follenzi A 2005 Axons mediate the distribution of arylsulfatase A within the mouse hippocampus upon gene delivery. Mol Ther 12 669 679 16087406
- [47]Consiglio A Quattrini A Martino S Bensdadoun JC Dolcetta D 2001 In vivo gene therapy of metachromatic leukodystrophy by lentiviral vectors: correction of neuropathology and protection against learning impairments in affected mice. Nat Med 7 310 316 11231629
- [48]Lattanzi A Neri M Maderna C di Girolamo I Martino S 2010 Widespread enzymatic correction of CNS tissues by a single intracerebral injection of therapeutic lentiviral vector in leukodystrophy mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 19 2208 2227 20203170
- [49]Davidson BL Breakefield XO 2003 Viral vectors for gene delivery to the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 4 353 364 12728263
- [50]Vite CH Passini MA Haskins ME Wolfe JH 2003 Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated transduction in the cat brain. Gene Ther 10 1874 1881 14502216
- [51]Wu X Burgess SM 2004 Integration target site selection for retroviruses and transposable elements. Cell Mol Life Sci 61 2588 2596 15526164 PMC11924447
- [52]Woods NB Muessig A Schmidt M Flygare J Olsson K 2003 Lentiviral vector transduction of NOD/SCID repopulating cells results in multiple vector integrations per transduced cell: risk of insertional mutagenesis. Blood 101 1284 1289 12393514
- [53]Hematti P Hong BK Ferguson C Adler R Hanawa H 2004 Distinct genomic integration of MLV and SIV vectors in primate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. PLoS Biol 2 2183 2190 PMC529319 15550989
- [54]Nakai H Montini E Fuess S Storm TA Grompe M 2003 AAV serotype 2 vectors preferentially integrate into active genes in mice. Nat Genet 34 297 302 12778174
- [55]Kar S Poirier J Guevara J Dea D Hawkes C 2006 Cellular distribution of insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor in normal human brain and its alteration in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurobiol Aging 27 199 210 16399207
- [56]Hawkes C Kar S 2002 Insulin-like growth factor-II/Mannose-6-phosphate receptor in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the adult rat. Eur J Neurosci 15 33 39 11860504
- [57]Chen F Vitry S Hocquemiller M Desmaris N Ausseil J 2006 Alpha-L-Iduronidase transport in neurites. Mol Genet Metab 87 349 358 16439176
- [58]Muenzer J Wraith JE Beck M Guigliani R Harmatz P 2006 A phase II/III clinical study of enzyme replacement therapy with idursulfase in mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter Syndrome). Genet Med 8 465 473 16912578
- [59]Loening AM Gambhir SS 2003 AMIDE: a free software tool for multimodality medical image analysis. Mol Imaging 2 131 137 14649056
- [60]Hudson HM Larkin RS 1994 Accelerated image reconstruction using ordered subsets of projection data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 13 601 609 18218538
- [61]Qi J Leahy RM Cherry SR Chatziioannou A Farquhar TH 1998 High-resolution 3D Bayesian image reconstruction using the microPET small-animal scanner. Phys Med Biol 43 1001 1013 9572523
- [62]Defrise M Kinahan PE Townsend DW Michel C Sibomana M 1997 Exact and approximate rebinning algorithms for 3-D PET data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16 145 158 9101324
- [64]Voznyi YV Keulemans JL van Diggelen OP 2001 A fluorimetric enzyme assay for the diagnosis of MPS II (Hunter disease). J Inherit Metab Dis 24 675 680 11768586
- [65]Garcia AR Pan J Lamsa JC Muenzer J 2007 The characterization of a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome). J Inherit Metab Dis 30 924 934 17876721
- Authors
- Calias, P., Papisov, M., Pan, J., Savioli, N., Belov, V., Huang, Y., Lotterhand, J., Alessandrini, M., Liu, N., Fischman, A. J., Powell, J. L., & Heartlein, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Calias, Pericles
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-01-18
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e30341
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3261205
- OpenAlex
- W2172144803
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Shire Human Genetic Therapies
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Keywords
- Hunter syndrome, iduronate-2-sulfatase, intracerebroventricular administration, brain drug delivery, lysosomal storage disease, glycosaminoglycan storage, oligodendrocytes, neurons, recombinant enzyme therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Dogs, Humans, Iduronate Sulfatase, Immunohistochemistry, Injections, Spinal, Iodine Radioisotopes, Lysosomes, Macaca fascicularis, Neurons, Oligodendroglia, Recombinant Proteins, Species Specificity, Spinal Cord, Tissue Distribution, Mucopolysaccharidosis II, Mice, Knockout, Positron-Emission Tomography, Mice, Enzyme Replacement Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review