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Increased Gut Permeability and Microbiota Change Associate with Mesenteric Fat Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Open accessAbstract
We investigated the relationship between gut health, visceral fat dysfunction and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed control or high saturated fat diet (HFD). Circulating glucose, insulin and inflammatory markers were measured. Proximal colon barrier function was assessed by measuring transepithelial resistance and mRNA expression of tight-junction proteins. Gut microbiota profile was determined by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA levels were measured in proximal colon, adipose tissue and liver using RT-qPCR. Adipose macrophage infiltration (F4/80⁺) was assessed using immunohistochemical staining. HFD mice had a higher insulin/glucose ratio (P = 0.020) and serum levels of serum amyloid A3 (131%; P = 0.008) but reduced circulating adiponectin (64%; P = 0.011). In proximal colon of HFD mice compared to mice fed the control diet, transepithelial resistance and mRNA expression of zona occludens 1 were reduced by 38% (P<0.001) and 40% (P = 0.025) respectively and TNF-α mRNA level was 6.6-fold higher (P = 0.037). HFD reduced Lactobacillus (75%; P<0.001) but increased Oscillibacter (279%; P = 0.004) in fecal microbiota. Correlations were found between abundances of Lactobacillus (r = 0.52; P = 0.013) and Oscillibacter (r = -0.55; P = 0.007) with transepithelial resistance of the proximal colon. HFD increased macrophage infiltration (58%; P = 0.020), TNF-α (2.5-fold, P<0.001) and IL-6 mRNA levels (2.5-fold; P = 0.008) in mesenteric fat. Increased macrophage infiltration in epididymal fat was also observed with HFD feeding (71%; P = 0.006) but neither TNF-α nor IL-6 was altered. Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue showed no signs of inflammation in HFD mice. The current results implicate gut dysfunction, and attendant inflammation of contiguous adipose, as salient features of the metabolic dysregulation of diet-induced obesity.
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“Increased intestinal barrier permeability is related to the metabolic dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue (Lam et al., 2012).”
From Akkermansia muciniphila alleviates high‐fat‐diet ‐related metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota and bile acids (2023) · cites this paper as Lam et al., 2012
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“Oscillibacter has been found to be associated with obesity (Xu et al., 2017), and its abundance is negatively correlated with intestinal barrier function (Lam et al., 2012).”
From Akkermansia muciniphila alleviates high‐fat‐diet ‐related metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota and bile acids (2023) · cites this paper as Lam et al., 2012
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ASK1 inhibits browning of white adipose tissue in obesity
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“In a previous animal study, high-fat diet was found to induce accumulation of mesenteric fat but not epididymal fat [9].”
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Trøseid, M., Manner, I. W., Pedersen, K. K., Haissman, J. M., Kvale, D., & Nielsen, S. D. (2014) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0280 · Cited by 42
“Whereas the massive Th17 loss in the gut mucosa is probably a relatively HIV-specific event,(50) downregulation of tight junction proteins and increased gut permeability also occur in obesity.(121) Whatever the cause, this disruption of the gut barrier is likely to contribute to low-grade endotoxemia and possibly card…”
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“Gut permeability is also upregulated by a higher Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio [139] and”
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“HFD-induced alterations in gut microbiota spectrum hampered gut barrier function and enhanced macrophage infiltration and inflammation in mesenteric fat, suggesting a link between microbiota and inflammation [5].”
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“Our data show that stress results in significant increase of Oscillibacter, which is known as a potential opportunistic pathogen, positively correlated with gut permeability (Lam et al., 2012).”
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“This condition can arise from diet and stress induced dysbiotic conditions and excessive inflammation (81, 82).”
BackgroundMaternal obesity is associated with gut microbial metabolic potential in offspring during infancy
Cerdó, T., Ruiz-Rodriguez, A., Jáuregui, R., Azaryah, H., Torres-Espínola, F. J., Garcia-Valdes, L., Segura, M. T., Suárez, A., & Campoy, C. (2017) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-017-0577-x · Cited by 54
“Of note, differences in Oscillibacter have been found in prior studies of diet and obesity [13, 33, 39] that may be related to a higher consumption of fat [43].”
Carrillo-Salinas, F. J., Mestre, L., Mecha, M., Feliú, A., del Campo, R., Villarrubia, N., Espejo, C., Montalbán, X., Alvarez-Cermeño, J. C., Villar, L. M., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44377 · Cited by 47
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“This is reported to be associated with obesity [24] and was negatively correlated with the levels of TG ( ρ =–0.27), ALT ( ρ =–0.23), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ( ρ 0.17; all P <0.05).”
InfluentialCharacteristics of Gut Microbiota in Patients with GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
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“Our study also found a significant increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which is known to improve gut barrier integrity, and Coprococcus, a known butyrate and propionate producer [32,33].”
ResultThe Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
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“27,28 Meanwhile, it has been established that increased abundance of Prevotella augments mucosal in fl ammation and type 17 helper T-cell immune response, whereas Desulfovibrio similarly stimulates gut immune response.”
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“Furthermore, it has been established that dietary fats modulate the gut microflora, increase colonic permeability, and trigger low-grade colon inflammation in healthy adult animals [12, 13].”
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“which has been associated with obesity and intestinal permeability (32), was 189”
BackgroundBifidobacterium longum R0175 Protects Rats against d -Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure
Wang, K., Lv, L., Ren, Y., Wang, Q., Jiang, H., Wu, W., Li, Y., Ye, J., Wu, J., Yang, L., et al. (2020) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00791-19 · Cited by 45
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Diet‐induced obesity causes metabolic impairment independent of alterations in gut barrier integrity
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“Oscillibacter abundance is negatively correlated with transepithelial resistance [86].”
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“Instead, Oscillibacter is associated with obesity and shows negative correlation with intestinal barrier integrity [34].”
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“Conversely, Oscillibacter is reported to be positively correlated with gut permeability and influence adiposity and systemic inflammation in obese-prone donors and their GF recipients fed a HF diet [64, 65].”
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“Microbes from Oscillospira are reported to play an important role in mediating destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and then leading to the translocation of gut bacteria in obesity (Lam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundIntestinal plasticity in response to nutrition and gastrointestinal surgery
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“Diets rich in saturated fat can cause the development of a lipogenic liver and is associated with a decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus and an increase in the abundance of Oscillibacter in the gut microbiota (31).”
BackgroundZhang, W., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Ma, D., Zhang, H., & Kwok, L. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15010005 · Cited by 34
“In fact, there is evidence supporting that the protective effect of probiotics (including Lactobacillus helveticus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota) against breast cancer progression is via modulating the host immune system [24,25,58,59].”
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García-Alonso, F. J., González‐Barrio, R., Martín‐Pozuelo, G., Hidalgo, N., NAVARRO-GONZÁLEZ, I., Masuero, D., Soini, E., Vrhovšek, U., & Periago, M. J. (2017) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo00393e · Cited by 38
Hu, Z., Wu, L.-C., Lv, Y.-J., Ge, C.-Y., Luo, X., Zhan, S.-A., Huang, W.-C., Shen, X.-Y., Yu, D.-Y., & Liu, B. (2025) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-025-01216-7 · Cited by 31
“The increased Oscillibacter was closely associated with intestinal permeability and inflammation [79].”
Zhao, R., Ji, Y., Chen, X., Hu, Q., & Zhao, L. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo00534k · Cited by 45
Jiang, T., Wu, H., Yang, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Chen, F., Zhao, L., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8081225 · Cited by 33
“Oscillibacter was found to be positively associated with increased permeability of mouse colon [57].”
BackgroundBrimelow, R. E., West, N. P., Williams, L. T., Cripps, A. W., & Cox, A. J. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.995264 · Cited by 43
“Animal studies have also demonstrated that high fat/sugar diets increase intestinal permeability, increase circulating LPS concentrations, and induce local and systemic inflammation (de La Serre et al., 2010; Lam et al., 2012; Martinez-Medina et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMao, D., Tao, B., Sheng, S., Jin, H. Z., Chen, W., Gao, H., Deng, J., Li, Z., Chen, F., Chan, S., et al. (2023) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.64.12.32 · Cited by 32
Review of gut nanotoxicology in mammals: Exposure, transformation, distribution and toxicity.
Huang, X.-Q., & Tang, M. (2021) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145078 · Cited by 30
Wang, H., Banerjee, N., Liang, Y., Wang, G., Hoffman, K. L., & Khan, M. F. (2021) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2021.115597 · Cited by 32
Nutrition and microRNAs: Novel Insights to Fight Sarcopenia
Barbiera, A., Pelosi, L., Sica, G., & Scicchitano, B. M. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9100951 · Cited by 32
Madlala, H. P., Maarman, G. J., & Ojuka, E. O. (2016) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv111 · Cited by 35
Reichardt, F., Baudry, C., Gruber, L., Mazzuoli‐Weber, G., Moriez, R., Scherling, C., Kollmann, P., Daniel, H., Kisling, S., Haller, D., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.262733 · Cited by 29
“The Journal of Physiology C© 2013 The Physiological Society studies have highlighted increased intestinal permeability and signs of intestinal inflammation in both DIO rats and mice (Lam et al. 2012; Raybould, 2012; Stenman et al. 2012).”
BackgroundMurugesan, R., Kumar, J. S., Leela, K. V., Meenakshi, S., Srivijayan, A., Thiruselvam, S., Satheesan, A., & Chaithanya, V. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114838 · Cited by 30
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Costa, M. A. D. C., Moreira, L. D. P. D., Duarte, V. D. S., Cardoso, R. R., José, V. P. B. D. S., da Silva, B. P., Grancieri, M., Corich, V., Giacomini, A., Bressan, J., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14245234 · Cited by 40
“The Western diet style, despite not having a specific definition, is an unhealthy diet generally composed of a high amount of saturated fat and fructose [1], which is involved in metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome [2,3], as well as in alterations in the gut microbiota profile [4].”
BackgroundKeeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance
KAHN, D. E., & Bergman, B. C. (2022) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi21-0020 · Cited by 34
Gao, S., He, Y.-Y., Zhang, L., Liu, L., Qu, C.-F., Zheng, Z., & Miao, J.-L. (2022) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.29219/fnr.v66.8226 · Cited by 29
“Previous animal experiments suggest that higher intestinal permeability and subsequent intraportal LPS infusion are major mechanisms of fatty liver disease (38).”
BackgroundRoles of gastrointestinal polypeptides in intestinal barrier regulation
Xie, X., Geng, C., Li, X., Liao, J., Li, Y., Guo, Y., & Wang, C. (2022) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170753 · Cited by 29
Liu, K., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Li, H., Long, D., Yan, S., Huang, W., Long, R., & Huang, X. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8020254 · Cited by 33
“studies have reported that Oscillibacter make potentially substantial contributions to the development of metabolic diseases and gut dysfunction [39,40].”
BackgroundZhang, Q., Xiao, X., Zheng, J., Li, M., Yu, M., Ping, F., Wang, T., & Wang, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00675 · Cited by 30
“Oscillibacter was strongly associated with the diabetic phenotype (78) and also positively correlated with gut permeability (79).”
BackgroundElvira-Torales, L. I., Periago, M. J., González‐Barrio, R., Hidalgo, N., NAVARRO-GONZÁLEZ, I., Gómez-Gallego, C., Masuero, D., Soini, E., Vrhovšek, U., & García-Alonso, F. J. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo01630e · Cited by 38
Li, Y., Liu, M., Liu, H., Sui, X., Liu, Y., Wei, X., Liu, C., Cheng, Y., Ye, W., Gao, B., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.647048 · Cited by 39
“The genus Oscillibacter was found in human gut microbiota related to a disease or pathologic state (Mondot et al., 2011; Lam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundImplications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets
Miragoli, F., Patrone, V., Prandini, A., Sigolo, S., Dell’Anno, M., Rossi, L., Senizza, A., Morelli, L., & Callegari, M. L. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030584 · Cited by 28
“In the same study, the Oscillibacter genus was associated with improved weight gain [47].”
BackgroundYıldırım, A., Tamer, S. A., Sahin, D., Bağrıaçık, F., Kahraman, M. M., Onur, N. D., Çayırlı, Y. B., Çilingir‐Kaya, Ö. T., Aksu, B., Akdenız, E., et al. (2019) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114519001466 · Cited by 33
“obesogenic diet induced colonic inflammation, impaired gut barrier function along with an altered profile of faecal microbiota, while the other fat depots have showed no signs of inflammation, emphasising that gut dysfunction is the major component of HFD-induced metabolic alterations(57).”
BackgroundBezerra, M. L. R., de Souza, E. L., de Sousa, J. M. B., Lima, M. D. S., Alves, A. F., Almeida, M. D. G., Alves, R. C., de Araújo, E. V., Soares, N. L., Araújo‐Silva, G., et al. (2018) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo01044g · Cited by 32
The Role of the Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota in Obesity
Million, M., & Raoult, D. (2012) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-012-0301-5 · Cited by 29
“The existence of apparently paradoxical significant results that indicate a correlation between a highfat diet and decreased Lactobacillus levels [23, 24] does not contradict the role of Lactobacillus in the regulation of weight but stresses the importance of species-level analyses of the Lactobacillus in the microbio…”
ResultAkansel, M. G., Baş, M., Gençalp, C., Kahrıman, M., Şahin, E., Öztürk, H., Gür, G., & Gür, C. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16244374 · Cited by 27
“The fact that these factors could not be controlled is another limitation of this study.”
Moinard, A., Payen, C., Ouguerram, K., André, A., Hernandez, J. L., Drut, A., Biourge, V. C., Suchodolski, J. S., Flanagan, J., Nguyen, P., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.566282 · Cited by 32
Plasma concentrations of zonulin are elevated in obese men with fatty liver disease
Kim, A., & Ko, H. (2018) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s163062 · Cited by 32
“Lam et al 18 reported that high-fat diets increase the concentrations of Gram-negative bacteria containing LPS on the intestinal walls.”
Sousa‐Pinto, B., Gonçalves, L., Rodrigues, A. R., Tomada, I., Almeida, H., Neves, D., & Gouveia, A. (2016) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.017 · Cited by 30
“Regional differences verified within the AT are thought to be also related with paracrine influences from organs nearby, which might be important to the inflammatory profile of obesity [13,51].”
BackgroundNeyrinck, A. M., Schüppel, V. L., Lockett, T. J., Haller, D., & Delzenne, N. M. (2016) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.012 · Cited by 26
Daulatzai, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine · doi:10.4172/1747-0862.s1-005 · Cited by 22
“The reciprocal nature of the regulation of the immune system and gut microbiota is at the core in terms of dysfunctions involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related disorders [29-34].”
BackgroundTeng, Y., Yang, X., Li, G., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.811990 · Cited by 30
Microbiota-Associated Therapy for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Induced Liver Cancer: A Review
Chen, Y., Wu, W., & Wu, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21175999 · Cited by 29
Leite, J. A., Pessenda, G., Guerra‐Gomes, I. C., de Santana, A. K. M., Pereira, C. A., Costa, F. R. C., Ramos, S. G., Zamboni, D. S., Faria, A. M. C., de Almeida, D. C., et al. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9040959 · Cited by 30
Robinson, R. C., Poulsen, N. A., Colet, E., Duchene, C., Larsen, L. B., & Barile, D. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41956-x · Cited by 30
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Colon Inflammation in Mice
Dinh, C. H. L., Yu, Y., Szabo, A., Zhang, Q., Zhang, P., & Huang, X. (2016) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1369/0022155416631803 · Cited by 25
“Macrophage infiltration is a common characteristic of inflammation in the colons of diet-induced obese mice (Erdelyi et al. 2009; Lam et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2012).”
BackgroundHigh-Fat Diet Promotes Neuronal Loss in the Myenteric Plexus of the Large Intestine in Mice
Beraldi, E., Soares, A., Borges, S., de Souza, A. C. D. S., Natali, M., Bazotte, R., & Buttow, N. (2015) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-014-3402-1 · Cited by 26
“Studies that used animal models of genetic and highfat-induced obesity reported an increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-6 by adipose tissue [5, 6] and the intestine [7], and an increase in the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor jB signaling pathways [8].”
BackgroundRochoń, J., Kalinowski, P., Szymanek-Majchrzak, K., & Grąt, M. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i23.2964 · Cited by 41
“This finding may serve as an alternative contributor to the advancement of MAFLD[42].”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Lam, Y. Y., Ha, C. W. Y., Campbell, C. R., Mitchell, A. J., Dinudom, A., Oscarsson, J., Cook, D. I., Hunt, N. H., Caterson, I. D., Holmes, A. J., & Storlien, L. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lam, Yan Y.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-03-23
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e34233
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3311621
- OpenAlex
- W2000450805
- Cited by
- 604
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (633240)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- diet-induced obesity, high saturated fat diet, intestinal permeability, gut microbiota, mesenteric fat inflammation, visceral adipose tissue, metabolic dysfunction, tight junctions, ZO-1, TNF-α, interleukin-6, adipose tissue macrophages, Lactobacillus, Oscillibacter, adiponectin, serum amyloid A
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diet, Female, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Mesentery, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Permeability, Mice
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