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The Genetic History of Indigenous Populations of the Peruvian and Bolivian Altiplano: The Legacy of the Uros

Sandoval, José Raul, Lacerda, Daniela R., Jota, Marilza S. A., Salazar-Granara, Alberto, Vieira, Pedro Paulo R., Acosta, Oscar, Cuellar, Cinthia, Revollo, Susana, Fujita, Ricardo, Santos, Fabrício R., The Genographic Project Consortium·2013·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073006PMC PMC3770642
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Figure 1 Map of the western South America showing the Andes and locations of the 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations under study. Population codes are found in Materials and Methods (Sampling section). Yellow circles represent Quechua populations, blue circles represent Aymara, green circles represent Arawak, and red circles represent Uroś populations. A detailed map of the Andean Altiplano region can be seen in Figure S2.
Figure 1 Map of the western South America showing the Andes and locations of the 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations under study. Population codes are found in Materials and Methods (Sampling section). Yellow circles represent Quechua populations, blue circles represent Aymara, green circles represent Arawak, and red circles represent Uroś populations. A detailed map of the Andean Altiplano region can be seen in Figure S2.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Median Joining network for Q-M3 STR haplotypes among 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations. Different population groups are defined by distinct colors, where Aymara and Quechua communities from the border of the lakes (Titicaca and Poopo) are discriminated. The haplotypes (H#) composed of 15 Y-STRs are represented by circles with sizes proportional to numbers of individuals (H3 = 1, H1 = 13 males), and branch lengths are proportional to STR mutation steps (one repeat unit between H3 and H4). Haplotype names are according to the 15 Y-STRs (Table S2c).
Figure 2 Median Joining network for Q-M3 STR haplotypes among 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations. Different population groups are defined by distinct colors, where Aymara and Quechua communities from the border of the lakes (Titicaca and Poopo) are discriminated. The haplotypes (H#) composed of 15 Y-STRs are represented by circles with sizes proportional to numbers of individuals (H3 = 1, H1 = 13 males), and branch lengths are proportional to STR mutation steps (one repeat unit between H3 and H4). Haplotype names are according to the 15 Y-STRs (Table S2c).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Non-metric MDS plot generated with PAST for Q-M346* and Q-M3 STR haplotypes among 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations. It was used Reynolds’ Rst genetic distances among populations to build a bidimensional graphic with the Past software. Uros: red triangles, Aymara: blue circles, Quechua: yellow squares, and Arawaks: green squares.
Figure 3 Non-metric MDS plot generated with PAST for Q-M346* and Q-M3 STR haplotypes among 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations. It was used Reynolds’ Rst genetic distances among populations to build a bidimensional graphic with the Past software. Uros: red triangles, Aymara: blue circles, Quechua: yellow squares, and Arawaks: green squares.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Median Joining network of mtDNA control region haplotypes found in 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations. Different population groups are defined by distinct colors, where Aymaran and Quechuan communities from the border of the lakes (Titicaca and Poopo) are discriminated. The mtDNA haplotypes (Hp#) are represented by circles with sizes proportional to numbers of individuals (Hp10 = 1 individual), and branch lengths are proportional to nucleotide changes (1 mutation step between Hp1 and Hp3). Clusters of haplotypes into four mtDNA haplogroups (A2, B2, C1, D1) are indicated.
Figure 4 Median Joining network of mtDNA control region haplotypes found in 22 Peruvian and Bolivian populations. Different population groups are defined by distinct colors, where Aymaran and Quechuan communities from the border of the lakes (Titicaca and Poopo) are discriminated. The mtDNA haplotypes (Hp#) are represented by circles with sizes proportional to numbers of individuals (Hp10 = 1 individual), and branch lengths are proportional to nucleotide changes (1 mutation step between Hp1 and Hp3). Clusters of haplotypes into four mtDNA haplogroups (A2, B2, C1, D1) are indicated.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Non-metric MDS plot generated with PAST for mtDNA control region sequences for all haplogroups among 22 Bolivian and Peruvian populations. It was used Reynolds’ Φst genetic distances among populations. Uros: red triangles, Aymaras: blue circles, Quechuas: yellow squares, and Arawaks: green squares.
Figure 5 Non-metric MDS plot generated with PAST for mtDNA control region sequences for all haplogroups among 22 Bolivian and Peruvian populations. It was used Reynolds’ Φst genetic distances among populations. Uros: red triangles, Aymaras: blue circles, Quechuas: yellow squares, and Arawaks: green squares.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 31

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Metadata

Authors
Sandoval, J. R., Lacerda, D. R., Jota, M. S. A., Salazar-Granara, A., Vieira, P. P. R., Acosta, O., Cuellar, C., Revollo, S., Fujita, R., Santos, F. R., & The Genographic Project Consortium
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2013-09-11
Volume
8
Issue
9
Pages
e73006
ISSN
1932-6203
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0073006
PMC
PMC3770642
Cited by
48
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)

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Sandoval, J. R., Lacerda, D. R., Jota, M. S. A., Salazar-Granara, A., Vieira, P. P. R., Acosta, O., Cuellar, C., Revollo, S., Fujita, R., Santos, F. R., & The Genographic Project Consortium. (2013). The Genetic History of Indigenous Populations of the Peruvian and Bolivian Altiplano: The Legacy of the Uros. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073006