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Cited by 172Smoking Behavior and CessationPrenatal Substance Exposure EffectsIndoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure

Cigarette smoke toxins deposited on surfaces: implications for human health

Open access
Martins-Green, Manuela, Adhami, Neema, Frankos, Michael, Valdez, Mathew, Goodwin, Benjamin, Lyubovitsky, Julia, Dhall, Sandeep, Garcia, Monika +15 more·2014·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0086391PMC PMC3906039
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Abstract

Cigarette smoking remains a significant health threat for smokers and nonsmokers alike. Secondhand smoke (SHS) is intrinsically more toxic than directly inhaled smoke. Recently, a new threat has been discovered - Thirdhand smoke (THS) - the accumulation of SHS on surfaces that ages with time, becoming progressively more toxic. THS is a potential health threat to children, spouses of smokers and workers in environments where smoking is or has been allowed. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of THS on liver, lung, skin healing, and behavior, using an animal model exposed to THS under conditions that mimic exposure of humans. THS-exposed mice show alterations in multiple organ systems and excrete levels of NNAL (a tobacco-specific carcinogen biomarker) similar to those found in children exposed to SHS (and consequently to THS). In liver, THS leads to increased lipid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a precursor to cirrhosis and cancer and a potential contributor to cardiovascular disease. In lung, THS stimulates excess collagen production and high levels of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting propensity for fibrosis with implications for inflammation-induced diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. In wounded skin, healing in THS-exposed mice has many characteristics of the poor healing of surgical incisions observed in human smokers. Lastly, behavioral tests show that THS-exposed mice become hyperactive. The latter data, combined with emerging associated behavioral problems in children exposed to SHS/THS, suggest that, with prolonged exposure, they may be at significant risk for developing more severe neurological disorders. These results provide a basis for studies on the toxic effects of THS in humans and inform potential regulatory policies to prevent involuntary exposure to THS.

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Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0086391

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  • THS exposure causes significant damage to liver, lung and cognitive behaviour.

    “Our studies showed significant damage to liver, lung and cognitive behaviour [14].”

    From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [14]

    The Introduction and Results and Discussion report liver and lung damage in THS-exposed mice, along with significantly increased activity in behavioral tests. The paper reports hyperactivity, not demonstrated damage to cognition; the claim also omits that these findings are from mice. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Lower levels of active MMP9, especially reduction at day 7, correlate with delayed reepithelization and disorderly collagen fibrillogenesis in THS-exposed mice.

    “Furthermore, lower levels of active MMP9, especially the reduction at day 7, correlate with delayed reepithelization and disorderly collagen fibrillogenesis [14,43].”

    From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [14]

    The Results and Discussion (Fig. 5; page not provided) report delayed wound closure and greatly reduced fibrillar collagen in THS-exposed mice. They do not report active MMP9 levels, a reduction at day 7, or a correlation between MMP9 and these wound findings; the metalloproteinase-related finding concerns TIMP1 expression. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The animal model system mimics human exposure to THS.

    “We have recently developed an animal model system that mimics human exposure to THS.”

    From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [14]

  • THS was shown to cause delayed healing.

    “Furthermore, THS was also shown to cause delayed healing [14].”

    From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [14]

  • THS has deleterious effects on multiple organs and delays healing of skin wounds.

    “We have recently shown that THS has deleterious effects on multiple organs and also delays healing of skin wounds [14].”

    From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [14]

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Authors
Martins-Green, M., Adhami, N., Frankos, M., Valdez, M., Goodwin, B., Lyubovitsky, J., Dhall, S., Garcia, M., Egiebor, I., Martinez, B., Green, H. W., Havel, C., Yu, L., Liles, S., Matt, G., Destaillats, H., Sleiman, M., Gundel, L. A., Benowitz, N., Jacob, P., Hovell, M., Winickoff, J. P., & Curras-Collazo, M.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Riverside (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • San Diego State University (US)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2014-01-29
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
e86391
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0086391
PMC
PMC3906039
OpenAlex
W2067043139
Cited by
172
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 6
FWCI
11.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
expression_of_concern (2023-08-03)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (20PT-0184)
  • University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States
  • National Institutes of Health
  • U.S. Public Health Service (R4O MC 00185)
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA012393, DA 012393)
  • National Center for Research Resources (S10RR026437, P41RR001192)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Keywords
thirdhand smoke, passive smoking, NNK, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pulmonary fibrosis, collagen synthesis, inflammatory cytokines, wound healing, hyperactivity, neurobehavioral effects, child health, smoking regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Child, Preschool, Collagen, Fatty Liver, Humans, Infant, Liver, Lung, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nitrosamines, Psychomotor Agitation, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Pyridines, Skin, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Wound Healing, Biomarkers, Maze Learning, Mice, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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