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Application of a Novel Alkali-Tolerant Thermostable DyP-Type Peroxidase from Saccharomonospora viridis DSM 43017 in Biobleaching of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp

Yu, Wangning, Liu, Weina, Huang, Huoqing, Zheng, Fei, Wang, Xiaoyu, Wu, Yuying, Li, Kangjia, Xie, Xiangming, Jin, Yi·2014·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0110319PMC PMC4204856
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Abstract

Saccharomonospora viridis is a thermophilic actinomycete that may have biotechnological applications because of its dye decolorizing activity, though the enzymatic oxidative system responsible for this activity remains elusive. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a DyP-type peroxidase gene in the genome of S. viridis DSM 43017 with sequence similarity to peroxidase from dye-decolorizing microbes. This gene, svidyp, consists of 1,215 bp encoding a polypeptide of 404 amino acids. The gene encoding SviDyP was cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and then purified. The recombinant protein could efficiently decolorize several triarylmethane dyes, anthraquinonic and azo dyes under neutral to alkaline conditions. The optimum pH and temperature for SviDyP was pH 7.0 and 70°C, respectively. Compared with other DyP-type peroxidases, SviDyP was more active at high temperatures, retaining>63% of its maximum activity at 50-80°C. It also showed broad pH adaptability (>35% activity at pH 4.0-9.0) and alkali-tolerance (>80% activity after incubation at pH 5-10 for 1 h at 37°C), and was highly thermostable (>60% activity after incubation at 70°C for 2 h at pH 7.0). SviDyP had an accelerated action during the biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp, resulting in a 21.8% reduction in kappa number and an increase of 2.98% (ISO) in brightness. These favorable properties make SviDyP peroxidase a promising enzyme for use in the pulp and paper industries.

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Figure 1 Degradation circles produced by Saccharomonospora viridis on azure B screening plates.
Figure 1 Degradation circles produced by Saccharomonospora viridis on azure B screening plates.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree analysis. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between SviDyP and other isolated DyPs belonging to subfamilies A–D: MYspDyP from Mycobacterium sp. (GI: 126434170), TfuDyP from Thermobifida fusca (GI: 71917209), Sco3963 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (GI: 541881521), DypA from Rhodococcus jostii (GI: 499917154), BsDyP from Bacillus subtilis (GI: 732344), EfeB/YcdB from Escherichia coli (GI: 2506638), PoDyP from Pseudomonas putida (GI: 501229266), PaDyP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GI: 94829180), TyrA from Shewanella oneidensis (GI: 119390160), BtDyP from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (GI: 109158102), DypB from R. jostii (GI: 330689635), DyP2 from Amycolatopsis sp. (GI: 409973917), AnaPX from Nostoc sp. (GI: 75704119), SavDyP from Streptomyces avermitilis (GI: 29604188), MxDyP from Myxococcus xanthus (GI: 108465542), Msp1 from Marasmius scorodonius (GI: 261266601), AauDyPI from Auricularia auricula-judae (GI: 433286646), TAP from Termitomyces albuminosus (GI: 20386144), and Cpop21 from Polyporaceae sp. (GI: 2160705). Confidence was evaluated with 1000 bootstrap replicates (values are indicated at branch points).
Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree analysis. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between SviDyP and other isolated DyPs belonging to subfamilies A–D: MYspDyP from Mycobacterium sp. (GI: 126434170), TfuDyP from Thermobifida fusca (GI: 71917209), Sco3963 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (GI: 541881521), DypA from Rhodococcus jostii (GI: 499917154), BsDyP from Bacillus subtilis (GI: 732344), EfeB/YcdB from Escherichia coli (GI: 2506638), PoDyP from Pseudomonas putida (GI: 501229266), PaDyP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GI: 94829180), TyrA from Shewanella oneidensis (GI: 119390160), BtDyP from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (GI: 109158102), DypB from R. jostii (GI: 330689635), DyP2 from Amycolatopsis sp. (GI: 409973917), AnaPX from Nostoc sp. (GI: 75704119), SavDyP from Streptomyces avermitilis (GI: 29604188), MxDyP from Myxococcus xanthus (GI: 108465542), Msp1 from Marasmius scorodonius (GI: 261266601), AauDyPI from Auricularia auricula-judae (GI: 433286646), TAP from Termitomyces albuminosus (GI: 20386144), and Cpop21 from Polyporaceae sp. (GI: 2160705). Confidence was evaluated with 1000 bootstrap replicates (values are indicated at branch points).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Multiple sequence alignment of the SviDyP amino acid sequence with other members of DyP-type peroxidases family. The sequence alignments were performed using ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1994). Perfect match residues are displayed in white on black shade. The unique GXXDG motif is boxed. The conserved residues of the active site are indicated by asterisks. Residues indicated by triangles are residuals important for coordinating the heme at the active site.
Figure 3 Multiple sequence alignment of the SviDyP amino acid sequence with other members of DyP-type peroxidases family. The sequence alignments were performed using ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1994). Perfect match residues are displayed in white on black shade. The unique GXXDG motif is boxed. The conserved residues of the active site are indicated by asterisks. Residues indicated by triangles are residuals important for coordinating the heme at the active site.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 SDS–PAGE and western blotting analysis and spectral characteristics of purified SviDyP. a. SDS–PAGE and western blotting analysis. Lanes: M, molecular mass standard; (1) SDS–PAGE analysis of purified SviDyP. (2) western blot analysis of the purified SviDyP recognized by an anti-His6 tag mouse monoclonal antibody. b. Spectral characteristics of purified SviDyP, as determined by hemoprotein assay. Purified SviDyP (1 mg ml−1) in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) was scanned at 300–800 nm to identify the Soret band.
Figure 4 SDS–PAGE and western blotting analysis and spectral characteristics of purified SviDyP. a. SDS–PAGE and western blotting analysis. Lanes: M, molecular mass standard; (1) SDS–PAGE analysis of purified SviDyP. (2) western blot analysis of the purified SviDyP recognized by an anti-His6 tag mouse monoclonal antibody. b. Spectral characteristics of purified SviDyP, as determined by hemoprotein assay. Purified SviDyP (1 mg ml−1) in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) was scanned at 300–800 nm to identify the Soret band.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Characterization of SviDyP. a. pH optimization. The enzyme was assayed at different pH, as described in the “Materials and Methods”section. b. Temperature optimization. The enzyme samples were incubated in pH 7.0 at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90°C for 30 min and their residual activities were assayed, as described in the “Materials and Methods”section. c. pH stability. Enzyme samples (1 mg ml−1) were incubated for 30 min at different pH levels at 37°C, and then their residual activities were assayed at the optimum pH,as described in the “Materials and Methods” section. d. Temperature stability. The enzyme samples were incubated in pH 7.0 at 50, 60, 70, or 80°C, and then their residual activities were assayed at different times.
Figure 5 Characterization of SviDyP. a. pH optimization. The enzyme was assayed at different pH, as described in the “Materials and Methods”section. b. Temperature optimization. The enzyme samples were incubated in pH 7.0 at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90°C for 30 min and their residual activities were assayed, as described in the “Materials and Methods”section. c. pH stability. Enzyme samples (1 mg ml−1) were incubated for 30 min at different pH levels at 37°C, and then their residual activities were assayed at the optimum pH,as described in the “Materials and Methods” section. d. Temperature stability. The enzyme samples were incubated in pH 7.0 at 50, 60, 70, or 80°C, and then their residual activities were assayed at different times.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Morphology of bleached pulp fiber surface. Scanning electron micrograph of unbleached (control) eucalyptus kraft pulp (a). Scanning electron micrograph of MnP treated eucalyptus kraft pulp (b). Scanning electron micrograph of SviDyP treated eucalyptus kraft pulp (c, d).
Figure 6 Morphology of bleached pulp fiber surface. Scanning electron micrograph of unbleached (control) eucalyptus kraft pulp (a). Scanning electron micrograph of MnP treated eucalyptus kraft pulp (b). Scanning electron micrograph of SviDyP treated eucalyptus kraft pulp (c, d).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Yu, W., Liu, W., Huang, H., Zheng, F., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Li, K., Xie, X., & Jin, Y.
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2014-10-21
Volume
9
Issue
10
Pages
e110319
ISSN
1932-6203
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0110319
PMC
PMC4204856
Cited by
58
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)

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