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Cited by 9Child Abuse and TraumaStress Responses and CortisolChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The Scars of Childhood Adversity: Minor Stress Sensitivity and Depressive Symptoms in Remitted Recurrently Depressed Adult Patients

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Kok, Gemma, van Rijsbergen, Gerard, Burger, Huibert, Elgersma, Hermien, Riper, Heleen, Cuijpers, Pim, Dekker, Jack, Smit, Filip +1 more·2014·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0111711PMC PMC4230942
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Childhood adversity may lead to depressive relapse through its long-lasting influence on stress sensitivity. In line with the stress sensitization hypothesis, minor (daily) stress is associated with depressive relapse. Therefore, we examine the impact of childhood adversity on daily stress and its predictive value on prospectively assessed depressive symptoms in recurrently depressed patients. METHOD: Daily stress was assessed in recurrently depressed adult patients, enrolled into two randomized trials while remitted. The reported intensity and frequency of dependent and independent daily stress was assessed at baseline. Independent stress is externally generated, for example an accident happening to a friend, while dependent stress is internally generated, for example getting into a fight with a neighbor. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed with childhood adversity, independent and dependent daily stress as predictor variables of prospectively measured depressive symptoms after three months of follow-up (n = 138). RESULTS: We found that childhood adversity was not significantly associated with a higher frequency and intensity of daily stress. The intensity of both independent and dependent daily stress was predictive of depressive symptom levels at follow-up (unadjusted models respectively: B = 0.47, t = 2.05, p = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.02-0.92; B = 0.29, t = 2.20, p = 0.028, 95% CI = 0.03-0.55). No associations were found between childhood adversity and depressive symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSION: No evidence was found supporting stress sensitization due to the experience of childhood adversity in this recurrently depressed but remitted patient group. Nevertheless, our research indicates that daily stress might be a target for preventive treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial A: Nederlands Trial Register NTR1907 Trial B: Nederlands Trial Register NTR2503.

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  • There was no evidence of stress sensitization in a recent study of depressive symptoms in recurrently depressed individuals.

    “In contrast, there was no evidence of stress sensitization in a recent study of depressive symptoms in recurrently depressed individuals (Kok et al. 2014).”

    From Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis (2017) · cites this paper as Kok et al. 2014

    The Abstract Conclusion reports no evidence of stress sensitization due to childhood adversity in recurrently depressed patients who were in remission. The citing sentence omits both limits, making the finding sound broader than the study's conclusion. The Abstract Results also report that daily stress intensity predicted later depressive symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Kok, G., van Rijsbergen, G., Burger, H., Elgersma, H., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Dekker, J., Smit, F., & Bockting, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Groningen (NL)
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
  • Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
  • Arkin (NL)
  • Trimbos Institute (NL)
Corresponding author
Bockting, Claudi
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2014-11-13
Volume
9
Issue
11
Pages
e111711
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0111711
PMC
PMC4230942
OpenAlex
W2003646234
Cited by
9
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
FWCI
1.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
  • Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • ZonMw (171002401, 300020014, 100002035)
  • GGZ Friesland
  • GGZ Drenthe
  • Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
childhood adversity, daily stress, stress sensitivity, depression relapse, recurrent depression, remitted depression, depressive symptoms, depression prevention
MeSH terms
Child Health, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological

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