Cited by 116Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsStudent Stress and CopingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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The Effectiveness of Daily Mindful Breathing Practices on Test Anxiety of Students

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Cho, Hyunju, Ryu, Seokjin, Noh, Jeeae, Lee, Jongsun·2016·PLOS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164822PMC PMC5072593

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Abstract

The present study examined the effectiveness of daily mindful breathing practices on test anxiety of university students. A total of 36 participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a training mindful breathing condition (n = 12), a training cognitive reappraisal condition (contrast group, n = 12), and a non-training condition (control group, n = 12). Each of the participants trained by themselves for 6 days after they had taken one session of education for mindful or cognitive reappraisal practices. They wrote their experiences on daily worksheets and sent it by mobile with taking pictures that were confirmed by the researcher. Before and after training, each of the participants completed a questionnaire to assess: test anxiety, positive thought, and positive affect. The results of the study showed that both mindful breathing practice and cognitive reappraisal practice yielded large effect sizes in reducing test anxiety. In addition, the mindful breathing condition scored significantly higher on positive thoughts than the cognitive reappraisal and control conditions. The findings of this study suggest that both daily mindful breathing and cognitive reappraisal practices were effective in reducing test anxiety; however, mindful breathing increased positive automatic thoughts to a greater extent than cognitive reappraisal.

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Authors: Cho, H., Ryu, S., Noh, J., & Lee, J.
Affiliations: Yeungnam University (KR)
Kangwon National University (KR)
Corresponding author: Cho, Hyunju
ORCID: Cho, Hyunju
Venue: PLOS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2016-10-20
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
Pages: e0164822
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164822
PMC: PMC5072593
OpenAlex: W2534474122
Cited by: 115
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4
FWCI: 7.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Yeungnam University
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: mindful breathing, test anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, university students, positive automatic thoughts, positive affect, self-training, mindfulness
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Breathing Exercises, Female, Humans, Male, Students, Young Adult, Mindfulness

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The Effectiveness of Daily Mindful Breathing Practices on Test Anxiety of Students

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