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Cited by 17Archaeology and ancient environmental studiesIndigenous Cultures and HistoryArchaeological and Geological Studies

Resolving Indigenous village occupations and social history across the long century of European permanent settlement in Northeastern North America: The Mohawk River Valley ~1450-1635 CE

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Manning, Sturt W., Lorentzen, Brita, Hart, John P.·2021·PLOS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0258555PMC PMC8519479
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Abstract

The timeframe of Indigenous settlements in Northeast North America in the 15 th-17 th centuries CE has until very recently been largely described in terms of European material culture and history. An independent chronology was usually absent. Radiocarbon dating has recently begun to change this conventional model radically. The challenge, if an alternative, independent timeframe and history is to be created, is to articulate a high-resolution chronology appropriate and comparable with the lived histories of the Indigenous village settlements of the period. Improving substantially on previous initial work, we report here high-resolution defined chronologies for the three most extensively excavated and iconic ancestral Kanienʼkehá꞉ka (Mohawk) village sites in New York (Smith-Pagerie, Klock and Garoga), and a fourth early historic Indigenous site, Brigg’s Run, and re-assess the wider chronology of the Mohawk River Valley in the mid-15 th to earlier 17 th centuries. This new chronology confirms initial suggestions from radiocarbon that a wholesale reappraisal of past assumptions is necessary, since our dates conflict completely with past dates and the previously presumed temporal order of these three iconic sites. In turn, a wider reassessment of northeastern North American early history and re-interpretation of Atlantic connectivities in the later 15 th through early 17 th centuries is required. Our new closely defined date ranges are achieved employing detailed archival analysis of excavation records to establish the contextual history for radiocarbon-dated samples from each site, tree-ring defined short time series from wood charcoal samples fitted against the radiocarbon calibration curve (‘wiggle-matching’), and Bayesian chronological modelling for each of the individual sites integrating all available prior knowledge and radiocarbon dating probabilities. We define (our preferred model) most likely (68.3% highest posterior density) village occupation ranges for Smith-Pagerie of ~1478–1498, Klock of ~1499–1521, Garoga of ~1550–1582, and Brigg’s Run of ~1619–1632.

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  • Indigenous sites in North America with strong, well-replicated connections with European trade goods and their date ranges, or association with historically attested episodes, yield compatible 14C dated calendar age ranges.

    “Indigenous sites with strong, well-replicated, connections with European trade goods and their date ranges, or association with historically attested episodes (like Samuel de Champlain spending a winter at a site), yield compatible 14 C dated calendar age ranges”

    From Second Intermediate Period date for the Thera (Santorini) eruption and historical implications (2022) · cites this paper as [195]

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Authors
Manning, S. W., Lorentzen, B., & Hart, J. P.
Affiliations
  • Cyprus Institute (CY)
  • Cornell University (US)
  • New York State Museum (US)
Corresponding author
Manning, Sturt W.
ORCID
Venue
PLOS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2021-10-15
Volume
16
Issue
10
Pages
e0258555
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0258555
PMC
PMC8519479
OpenAlex
W3205302902
Cited by
17
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5
FWCI
2.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (BCS1727802, DMR1719875)
  • New York State Museum
  • College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Archaeological and Geological Studies
Keywords
radiocarbon chronology, wiggle matching, indigenous-European contact, northeastern North America, 15th-17th centuries
MeSH terms
Archaeology, Bayes Theorem, Emigration and Immigration, Humans, North America, Wood, White People, Rivers, History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, Radiometric Dating

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