The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Evolutionary Genetics and Emergence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds
Open accessAbstract
We surveyed the genetic diversity among avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds, comprising 167 complete viral genomes from 14 bird species sampled in four locations across the United States. These isolates represented 29 type A influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtype combinations, with up to 26% of isolates showing evidence of mixed subtype infection. Through a phylogenetic analysis of the largest data set of AIV genomes compiled to date, we were able to document a remarkably high rate of genome reassortment, with no clear pattern of gene segment association and occasional inter-hemisphere gene segment migration and reassortment. From this, we propose that AIV in wild birds forms transient "genome constellations," continually reshuffled by reassortment, in contrast to the spread of a limited number of stable genome constellations that characterizes the evolution of mammalian-adapted influenza A viruses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput
Edgar, R. C. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340 · Cited by 44,662
Hall, T. A. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Symposium Series · doi:10.14601/phytopathol_mediterr-14998u1.29 · Cited by 38,297
MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution.
Posada, D., & Crandall, K. A. (1998) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817 · Cited by 19,820
PAUP^* : Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and other methods) 4.0b8
Swofford, D. L. (2001) · Cited by 12,789
PAUP * [Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other Methods)]
Cummings, M. P. (2004) · Dictionary of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · doi:10.1002/0471650129.dob0522 · Cited by 5,215
Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses
Webster, R. G., Bean, W. J., Gorman, O. T., Chambers, T. M., & Kawaoka, Y. (1992) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.56.1.152-179.1992 · Cited by 4,739
Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses
Hoffmann, E., Stech, J., Guan, Y., Webster, R. G., & Perez, D. R. (2001) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s007050170002 · Cited by 2,032
Global Patterns of Influenza A Virus in Wild Birds
Olsen, B., Munster, V. J., Wallensten, A., Waldenström, J., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., & Fouchier, R. A. M. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1122438 · Cited by 1,972
Fouchier, R. A. M., Munster, V., Wallensten, A., Bestebroer, T. M., Herfst, S., Smith, D., Rimmelzwaan, G. F., Olsen, B., & Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.5.2814-2822.2005 · Cited by 1,563
A review of avian influenza in different bird species
Alexander, D. J. (2000) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00160-7 · Cited by 1,272
Cited by
Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change
Jones, B. A., Grace, D., Kock, R., Alonso, S., Rushton, J., Said, M. Y., McKeever, D., Mutua, F., Young, J., McDermott, J., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1208059110 · Cited by 1,197
Chan, J. M., Carlsson, G., & Rabadan, R. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1313480110 · Cited by 269
Metadata
- Authors
- Dugan, V. G., Chen, R., Spiro, D. J., Sengamalay, N., Zaborsky, J., Ghedin, E., Nolting, J., Swayne, D. E., Runstadler, J. A., Happ, G. M., Senne, D. A., Wang, R., Slemons, R. D., Holmes, E. C., & Taubenberger, J. K.
- Venue
- PLoS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2008-05-30
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1000076
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7374
- OpenAlex
- W2110322110
- Cited by
- 396
- References
- 47
- FWCI
- 21.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Evolutionary Genetics and Emergence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000076
- The paper
- Dugan, V. G., Chen, R., Spiro, D. J., Sengamalay, N., Zaborsky, J., Ghedin, E., Nolting, J., Swayne, D. E., Runstadler, J. A., Happ, G. M., Senne, D. A., Wang, R., Slemons, R. D., Holmes, E. C., & Taubenberger, J. K. (2008). The Evolutionary Genetics and Emergence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds. PLoS Pathogens. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000076
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
