The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microbial Contamination in Next Generation Sequencing: Implications for Sequence-Based Analysis of Clinical Samples
Open accessAbstract
The high level of accuracy and sensitivity of next generation sequencing for quantifying genetic material across organismal boundaries gives it tremendous potential for pathogen discovery and diagnosis in human disease. Despite this promise, substantial bacterial contamination is routinely found in existing human-derived RNA-seq datasets that likely arises from environmental sources. This raises the need for stringent sequencing and analysis protocols for studies investigating sequence-based microbial signatures in clinical samples.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A database of background microorganisms commonly detected in mNGS data and arising from normal flora or laboratory contamination101,104 typically needs to be maintained for accurate mNGS analyses.”
From Clinical metagenomics (2019) · cites this paper as [104]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Basic local alignment search tool
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1990.9999 · Cited by 98,669
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11412 · Cited by 12,129
Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11252 · Cited by 8,499
Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11404 · Cited by 3,994
Clonal Integration of a Polyomavirus in Human Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Feng, H., Shuda, M., Chang, Y., & Moore, P. S. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152586 · Cited by 3,208
Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma
Castellarin, M., Warren, R. L., Freeman, J. D., Dreolini, L., Krzywinski, M., Strauss, J., Barnes, R., Watson, P., Allen-Vercoe, E., Moore, R. A., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.126516.111 · Cited by 2,043
Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma
Kostic, A. D., Gevers, D., Pedamallu, C. S., Michaud, M., Duke, F., Earl, A. M., Ojesina, A. I., Jung, J., Bass, A. J., Tabernero, J., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.126573.111 · Cited by 1,960
Transcriptome and genome sequencing uncovers functional variation in humans
The Geuvadis Consortium, Lappalainen, T., Sammeth, M., Friedländer, M. R., ‘t Hoen, P. A. C., Monlong, J., Rivas, M. A., Gonzàlez-Porta, M., Kurbatova, N., Griebel, T., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12531 · Cited by 1,888
Integrative analysis of environmental sequences using MEGAN4Preprint
Huson, D. H., Mitra, S., Ruscheweyh, H., Weber, N., & Schuster, S. C. (2011) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.120618.111 · Cited by 1,559
NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq): current status, new features and genome annotation policy
Pruitt, K. D., Tatusova, T., Brown, G. R., & Maglott, D. R. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1079 · Cited by 1,149 · cited 1×
“28 searches against the Human RefSeq RNA database and then to the NCBI nucleotide (nt) database to identify reads corresponding to known exogenous organisms [19,20].”
MethodActionable Diagnosis of Neuroleptospirosis by Next-Generation Sequencing
Wilson, M. R., Naccache, S. N., Samayoa, E., Biagtan, M., Bashir, H., Yu, G., Salamat, S. M., Somasekar, S., Federman, S., Miller, S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1401268 · Cited by 977
Routine Use of Microbial Whole Genome Sequencing in Diagnostic and Public Health Microbiology
Köser, C. U., Ellington, M. J., Cartwright, E. J. P., Gillespie, S. H., Brown, N. M., Farrington, M., Holden, M. T. G., Gordon Dougan, B., Bentley, S. D., Parkhill, J., et al. (2012) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002824 · Cited by 545
Hasman, H., Saputra, D., Sicheritz-Pontén, T., Lund, O., Svendsen, C. A., Frimodt-Møller, N., & Aarestrup, F. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02452-13 · Cited by 522
Loman, N. J., Constantinidou, C., Christner, M., Rohde, H., Chan, J. Z.-M., Quick, J., Weir, J., Quince, C., Smith, G. P., Betley, J. R., et al. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.3231 · Cited by 334
Common Contaminants in Next-Generation Sequencing That Hinder Discovery of Low-Abundance Microbes
Laurence, M., Hatzis, C., & Brash, D. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097876 · Cited by 314
Naccache, S. N., Greninger, A. L., Lee, D., Coffey, L. L., Phan, T. G., Rein‐Weston, A., Aronsohn, A. I., Hackett, J., Delwart, E., & Chiu, C. Y. (2013) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02323-13 · Cited by 251
Reproducibility of high-throughput mRNA and small RNA sequencing across laboratories
The GEUVADIS Consortium, 't Hoen, P. A. C., Friedländer, M. R., Almlöf, J., Sammeth, M., Pulyakhina, I., Anvar, S. Y., Laros, J. F. J., Buermans, H. P. J., Karlberg, O., et al. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2702 · Cited by 250
Empirical methods for controlling false positives and estimating confidence in ChIP-Seq peaks
Nix, D. A., Courdy, S., & Boucher, K. M. (2008) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-523 · Cited by 223
Strong, M. J., Xu, G., Coco, J., Baribault, C., Vinay, D. S., Lacey, M. R., Strong, A. L., Lehman, T. A., Seddon, M. B., Lin, Z. N., et al. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003341 · Cited by 158
Self-citationSequence-Based Discovery of Bradyrhizobium enterica in Cord Colitis Syndrome
Bhatt, A. S., Freeman, S. S., Herrera, A. F., Pedamallu, C. S., Gevers, D., Duke, F. F., Jung, J., Michaud, M., Walker, B. J., Young, S., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1211115 · Cited by 151
Bacterial genome sequencing in the clinic: bioinformatic challenges and solutions
Fricke, W. F., & Rasko, D. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3624 · Cited by 147
Polyadenylic acid sequences in E. coli messenger RNA
Nakazato, H., Venkatesan, S., & Edmonds, M. (1975) · Nature · doi:10.1038/256144a0 · Cited by 106
Smuts, H. E. M., Kew, M. C., Khan, A., & Korsman, S. N. J. (2013) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.03206-13 · Cited by 60
Polyadenylation of mRNA in bacteria
Sarkar, N. (1996) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/13500872-142-11-3125 · Cited by 59
Hybrid DNA virus in Chinese patients with seronegative hepatitis discovered by deep sequencing
Xu, B., Zhi, N., Hu, G., Wan, Z., Zheng, X., Liu, X., Wong, S. C., Kajigaya, S., Zhao, K., Mao, Q., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1303744110 · Cited by 57
Presence of polyriboadenylate sequences in pulse-labeled RNA of Escherichia coli.
Srinivasan, P., Ramanarayanan, M. P., & Rabbani, E. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.8.2910 · Cited by 51
RNA CoMPASS: A Dual Approach for Pathogen and Host Transcriptome Analysis of RNA-Seq Datasets
Xu, G., Strong, M. J., Lacey, M. R., Baribault, C., Flemington, E. K., & Taylor, C. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089445 · Cited by 43
Self-citationNaccache, S. N., Hackett, J., Delwart, E., & Chiu, C. Y. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1317064111 · Cited by 40
Strong, M. J., O’Grady, T. M., Lin, Z. N., Xu, G., Baddoo, M., Parsons, C. H., Zhang, K., Taylor, C. M., & Flemington, E. K. (2013) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02380-13 · Cited by 40
Self-citationPoly(adenylic acid) sequences in the RNA of Caulobacter crescenus.
Ohta, N., Sanders, M., & Newton, A. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.6.2343 · Cited by 34
Lin, Z. N., Puetter, A., Coco, J., Xu, G., Strong, M. J., Wang, X., Fewell, C., Baddoo, M., Taylor, C. M., & Flemington, E. K. (2012) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.06717-11 · Cited by 31
Self-citationA Microbial Metagenome ( Leucobacter sp.) in Caenorhabditis Whole Genome Sequences
Percudani, R. (2013) · Bioinformatics and Biology Insights · doi:10.4137/bbi.s11064 · Cited by 25
Reply to Naccache et al: Viral sequences of NIH-CQV virus, a contamination of DNA extraction method
Zhi, N., Hu, G., Wong, S. C., Zhao, K., Mao, Q., & Young, N. S. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318965111 · Cited by 11
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chiu, C. Y., & Miller, S. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0113-7 · Cited by 1,620
Clinical Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection
Gu, W., Miller, S., & Chiu, C. Y. (2019) · Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012751 · Cited by 1,458
Characterization of the gut microbiome using 16S or shotgun metagenomics
Jovel, J., Patterson, J., Wang, W., Hotte, N., O'Keefe, S., Mitchel, T., Perry, T., Kao, D., Mason, A. L., Madsen, K. L., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00459 · Cited by 942
Miller, S. A., Naccache, S. N., Samayoa, E., Messacar, K., Arevalo, S., Federman, S., Stryke, D., Pham, E., Fung, B., Bolosky, W. J., et al. (2019) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.238170.118 · Cited by 593
Validation of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Tests for Universal Pathogen Detection
Schlaberg, R., Chiu, C. Y., Miller, S., Procop, G. W., Weinstock, G., the Professional Practice Committee and Committee on Laboratory Practices of the American Society for Microbiology, & the Microbiology Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists (2017) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/arpa.2016-0539-ra · Cited by 550
Metadata
- Authors
- Strong, M. J., Xu, G., Morici, L., Splinter Bon-Durant, S., Baddoo, M., Lin, Z., Fewell, C., Taylor, C. M., & Flemington, E. K.
- Affiliations
- Tulane University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flemington, Erik K.
- Venue
- PLoS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-11-20
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e1004437
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7374
- PMC
- PMC4239086
- OpenAlex
- W1974764034
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 7.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA138268, F30CA177267)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM103518, U54GM104940)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI101046, R01AI106676)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- microbial contamination, next-generation sequencing, RNA-seq, bacterial contamination, clinical samples, environmental contamination, pathogen discovery, pathogen diagnosis, sequencing protocols, microbial signatures
- MeSH terms
- Equipment Contamination, Humans, Infections, Databases, Nucleic Acid, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review