Secreted venom allergen-like proteins of helminths: Conserved modulators of host responses in animals and plants
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Despite causing considerable damage to host tissue at the onset of parasitism, invasive helminths establish remarkably persistent infections in both animals and plants. Secretions released by these obligate parasites during host invasion are thought to be crucial for their persistence in infection. Helminth secretions are complex mixtures of molecules, most of which have unknown molecular targets and functions in host cells or tissues. Although the habitats of animal- and plant-parasitic helminths are very distinct, their secretions share the presence of a structurally conserved group of proteins called venom allergen-like proteins (VALs). Helminths abundantly secrete VALs during several stages of parasitism while inflicting extensive damage to host tissue. The tight association between the secretion of VALs and the onset of parasitism has triggered a particular interest in this group of proteins, as improved knowledge on their biological functions may assist in designing novel protection strategies against parasites in humans, livestock, and important food crops.
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The Pfam00188 gene family is dramatically expanded in many parasitic nematodes, especially hookworms and strongylides, and has been implicated in lipid binding, immune modulation, and pathogen resistance.
“This gene family is dramatically expanded in many parasitic nematodes (especially the hookworms and strongylides) and have been implicated in lipid binding, immune modulation, and pathogen resistance, so they may, like the CCP domain family, represent an adaptable scaffold upon which a range of functions can be developed (Wilbers et al., 2018).”
From Modulation of Host Immunity by Helminths: The Expanding Repertoire of Parasite Effector Molecules (2018) · cites this paper as Wilbers et al., 2018
The paper identifies Pfam00188 as the CAP domain of helminth VALs and describes lipid binding and modulation of host immune responses, including plant defenses against pathogens (Introduction, “Helminth VALs bind lipids” and “Biological functions of VALs from plant parasites”; pages not given). Its phylogenetic analysis reports more than 100 VALs in one hookworm species, but does not establish dramatic expansion across many parasitic nematodes, especially hookworms and strongylides; it says expansion is not linked to a particular lifestyle (Introduction, “Phylogenetic analysis”; page not given). (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNIF is a member of a multi-gene family (Pfam00188, variously named CAP, SCP, TAPS, or VAL) that is prominent across a wide range of helminths and includes a wide variety of immune response modulators in both animals and plants.
“Remarkably, NIF is a member of a multi-gene family (Pfam00188, variously named CAP, SCP, TAPS, or VAL) that is prominent across a wide range of helminths, and which includes a wide variety of immune response modulators in both animals and plants (Wilbers et al., 2018).”
From Modulation of Host Immunity by Helminths: The Expanding Repertoire of Parasite Effector Molecules (2018) · cites this paper as Wilbers et al., 2018
Pfam00188 may, like the CCP domain family, represent an adaptable scaffold upon which a range of functions can be developed.
“This gene family is dramatically expanded in many parasitic nematodes (especially the hookworms and strongylides) and have been implicated in lipid binding, immune modulation, and pathogen resistance, so they may, like the CCP domain family, represent an adaptable scaffold upon which a range of functions can be developed (Wilbers et al., 2018).”
From Modulation of Host Immunity by Helminths: The Expanding Repertoire of Parasite Effector Molecules (2018) · cites this paper as Wilbers et al., 2018
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A hookworm glycoprotein that inhibits neutrophil function is a ligand of the integrin CD11b/CD18
Moyle, M., Foster, D. L., McGrath, D. E., Brown, S. M., Laroche, Y., De Meutter, J., Stanssens, P., Bogowitz, C. A., Fried, V. A., & Ely, J. A. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36982-x · Cited by 253 · see citing works
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Modulation of Host Immunity by Helminths: The Expanding Repertoire of Parasite Effector Molecules
Maizels, R. M., Smits, H. H., & McSorley, H. J. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.016 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Wilbers, R. H. P., Schneiter, R., Holterman, M. H. M., Drurey, C., Smant, G., Asojo, O. A., Maizels, R. M., & Lozano-Torres, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology (GB)
- Hampton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilbers, Ruud H. P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2018-10-18
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e1007300
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7374
- PMC
- PMC6193718
- OpenAlex
- W2896988915
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- RERO DOC (Universität Bern) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (106122/A/14/Z)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (84713008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Keywords
- venom allergen-like proteins, helminths, host-parasite interactions, parasite persistence, host tissue damage, host response modulation
- MeSH terms
- Allergens, Animals, Helminths, Host-Parasite Interactions, Nematode Infections, Venoms, Helminth Proteins, Crops, Agricultural
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