The Development and Validation of the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease
Abstract
Background Anxiety is a common comorbidity in patients with COPD, yet it remains underrecognized. Existing anxiety measures contain somatic items that can overlap with symptoms of COPD and side effects of medications. There is a need for a disease-specific nonsomatic anxiety scale to screen and measure anxiety in patients with COPD. Methods In phase 1, 88 patients with COPD (mean age 71 years, 36% men) completed a 16-item scale developed with patients and clinicians. Six items were removed using item and factor analysis. In phase 2, 56 patients with COPD (mean age 70 years, 48% men) completed the 10-item scale and other self-report measures of anxiety, quality of life, and functional limitations. Of these, 41 patients completed the scale on a second occasion, 14 days later. Construct validity (using confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), discriminant validity, convergent validity, and anxiety screening accuracy were explored. Results The Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease (AIR) had high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.92) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.81) and excellent convergent validity, correlating with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression-Anxiety subscale (r = 0.91, P Conclusions The AIR is a short, user-friendly, reliable, and valid scale for measuring and screening anxiety in patients with COPD.
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A commonality above 0.5 can be assumed to be a significant variable.
“A commonality above 0.5 can be assumed to be a significant variable [45].”
From Evaluation of Autonomous Driving Safety by Operational Design Domains (ODD) in Mixed Traffic (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
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Evaluation of Autonomous Driving Safety by Operational Design Domains (ODD) in Mixed Traffic
Kim, H., Ko, J., Oh, C., & Kim, S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16229672 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“A commonality above 0.5 can be assumed to be a significant variable [45].”
Influential
- Authors
- Willgoss, T. G., Goldbart, J., Fatoye, F., & Yohannes, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Metropolitan University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Yohannes, Abebaw M.
- Venue
- Chest
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1587-1596
- ISSN
- 0012-3692 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073629521
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CHEST Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- anxiety screening, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psychometric validation, scale development, anxiety comorbidity, panic symptoms, general anxiety, test-retest reliability
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anxiety, England, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
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