Cited by 1Global Maritime and Colonial HistoriesEurasian Exchange NetworksMedieval History and Crusades

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Maritime Silk Road: Connectivity and exchange across the Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf

Zreik, Mohamad·2025·Journal of Gulf Studies

Abstract

This article presents a historical case study analysis of the ancient Silk Road’s role in facilitating connectivity between the Arabian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. The study draws on various sources to trace the maritime routes that linked diverse civilizations across these regions. By examining archaeological findings, historical texts and trade records, the article highlights the economic, cultural and political exchanges fostered by these maritime connections. The analysis reveals how the ancient Silk Road was not merely a conduit for silk and spices but also a catalyst for cultural diffusion, technological exchange and diplomatic relations. The study further explores the impact of these connections on the development of early global trade networks, the spread of religions and the exchange of knowledge and innovations. Through a detailed examination of the Maritime Silk Road, this article sheds light on the complex web of interactions that shaped the historical landscape of the Arabian Gulf and the Indian Ocean regions, contributing to a deeper understanding of their interconnected past.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1386/jgs_00016_1

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 30 references

Research works printed but not linked: 55

  1. 2001, Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra
  2. 2014, The Indian Ocean in World History
  3. 2013, Daily Life through Trade: Buying and Selling in World History
  4. 2016, The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century
  5. 2015, Ships and the Development of Maritime Technology on the Indian Ocean
  6. 2017, Navigation: A Very Short Introduction, 514
  7. 2009, A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World
  8. 1997, The nomenclature of the Persian Gulf, Iranian Studies, 30, 77
  9. 1989, The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary
  10. 2008, Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and Warriors Shaped Globalization
  11. 1985, Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750
  12. 2024, The Millennium Maritime Trade Revolution, 700–1700: How Asia Lost Maritime Supremacy
  13. 2009, Spices: A Global History
  14. 2019, The Shahnameh: The Persian Epic as World Literature
  15. 2022, Connected Histories of India and Southeast Asia: Icons, Narratives, Monuments
  16. 2005, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century
  17. 2011, Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road
  18. 2023, The Middle East: A Political History from 395 to the Present
  19. 2011, The Asian Mediterranean: Port Cities and Trading Networks in China, Japan and South Asia, 13th–21st Century
  20. 2011, Archaeology and the Social History of Ships
  21. 2021, Imagined Geographies: The Maritime Silk Roads in World History, 100–1800
  22. 2017, State and Religion in the Arab World
  23. 1995, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times
  24. 2021, Rivers of the Sultan: The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman Empire
  25. 2016, Narratives across Borders
  26. 2011, Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power
  27. 2012, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East
  28. 2023, Sustainable Prosperity in the Arab Gulf: From Miracle to Method
  29. 2018, Sailing to the Edge of Time: The Promise, the Challenges, and the Freedom of Ocean Voyaging
  30. 2010, The Silk Road in World History
  31. 2020, Pearls, People, and Power: Pearling and Indian Ocean Worlds
  32. 2018, Knowledge in Translation: Global Patterns of Scientific Exchange, 1000–1800 CE
  33. 2012, Pacific Worlds: A History of Seas, Peoples, and Cultures
  34. 1999, The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600–1730
  35. 2014, The Fortunes of Africa: A 5000-Year History of Wealth, Greed, and Endeavor
  36. 1988, The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms
  37. 2003, African Merchants of the Indian Ocean: Swahili of the East African Coast
  38. 2013, The Silk Road: A Very Short Introduction
  39. 2011, Pelagic Passageways: The Northern Bay of Bengal Before Colonialism
  40. 2016, Maritime Heritage of India
  41. 2023, Changing perspectives on Indian Ocean cityscapes: The port city of Calicut in the early modern period
  42. 2021, Technology in World Civilization, Revised and Expanded Edition: A Thousand-Year History
  43. 2014, The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World
  44. 2011, Maritime Commerce and Security: The Indian Ocean
  45. 2012, Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia
  46. 2010, Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400–1800
  47. 2002, Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the Early Modern Era
  48. 2011, Gunpowder: An Explosive History – From the Alchemists of China to the Battlefields of Europe
  49. 2003, The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia
  50. 2010, master’s thesis
  51. 2006, The travel records of Chinese pilgrims Faxian, Xuanzang, and Yijing, Education about Asia, 11, 24
  52. 2016, Narratives, Routes and Intersections in Pre-Modern Asia
  53. 2002, The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650
  54. 2022, Gentle Janus, Merchant Prince: The VOC and the Tightrope of Diplomacy in the Malay World, 1740–1800, 157
  55. 2024, Forging Connections Along the Silk Road: Cross-Cultural Leadership Lessons from Zhang Qian, Zheng He, and Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas

Metadata

Authors
Zreik, M.
Affiliations
ISNI: 000000012360039X Sun Yat-sen University
Venue
Journal of Gulf Studies
Publisher
Intellect
Published
2025-04-01
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
21-41
ISSN
  • 2976-5633 (ISSN-L)
  • 2976-5641
OpenAlex
W4411958771
Cited by
1
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 1
FWCI
13.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Gulf studies. (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Eurasian Exchange Networks
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Medieval History and Crusades
Keywords
Maritime Silk Road, Indian Ocean trade, Persian Gulf, ancient trade networks, cultural diffusion, technology exchange, diplomatic relations, spread of religion, knowledge sharing, spice trade, silk trade, early globalization

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Maritime Silk Road: Connectivity and exchange across the Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1386/jgs_00016_1
The paper
Zreik, M. (2025). The Maritime Silk Road: Connectivity and exchange across the Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf. Journal of Gulf Studies. https://doi.org/10.1386/jgs_00016_1