The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
F1: a distributed SQL database that scales
Abstract
F1 is a distributed relational database system built at Google to support the AdWords business. F1 is a hybrid database that combines high availability, the scalability of NoSQL systems like Bigtable, and the consistency and usability of traditional SQL databases. F1 is built on Spanner, which provides synchronous cross-datacenter replication and strong consistency. Synchronous replication implies higher commit latency, but we mitigate that latency by using a hierarchical schema model with structured data types and through smart application design. F1 also includes a fully functional distributed SQL query engine and automatic change tracking and publishing.
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Cites
MapReduce: simplified data processing on large clusters
Dean, J., & Ghemawat, S. (2008) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1327452.1327492 · Cited by 18,476
Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data
Chang, F., Dean, J., Ghemawat, S., Hsieh, W. C., Wallach, D. A., Burrows, M., Chandra, T., Fikes, A., & Gruber, R. E. (2008) · ACM Transactions on Computer Systems · doi:10.1145/1365815.1365816 · Cited by 3,460
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Lamport, L. (1998) · ACM Transactions on Computer Systems · doi:10.1145/279227.279229 · Cited by 2,737
The notions of consistency and predicate locks in a database system
Eswaran, K. P., Gray, J. N., Lorie, R. A., & Traiger, I. L. (1976) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/360363.360369 · Cited by 1,956
A critique of ANSI SQL isolation levels
Berenson, H., Bernstein, P., Gray, J., Melton, J., O'Neil, E., & O'Neil, P. (1995) · Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '95 · doi:10.1145/223784.223785 · Cited by 856
Towards robust distributed systems (abstract)
Brewer, E. A. (2000) · Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing · doi:10.1145/343477.343502 · Cited by 809
Spanner: Google's globally-distributed database
Corbett, J. C., Dean, J. B., Epstein, M., Fikes, A., Frost, C., Furman, J. J., Ghemawat, S., Gubarev, A., Heiser, C., Hochschild, P., et al. (2012) · doi:10.5555/2387880.2387905 · Cited by 807
The Gamma database machine project
DeWitt, D. J., Ghandeharizadeh, S., Schneider, D. A., Bricker, A., Hsiao, H.-I., & Rasmussen, R. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/69.50905 · Cited by 668
Megastore: Providing Scalable, Highly Available Storage for Interactive Services
Baker, J. D., Bond, C. T., Corbett, J. C., Furman, J. J., Khorlin, A., Larson, J. A., Leon, J.-M., Li, Y., Lloyd, A., & Yushprakh, V. (2011) · Cited by 645
Cited by
Size Bounds for Factorised Representations of Query Results
Olteanu, D., & Závodný, J. (2015) · ACM Transactions on Database Systems · doi:10.1145/2656335 · Cited by 116
A Hybrid Database Approach Using Graph and Relational Database
Vyawahare, H. R., Karde, P. P., & Thakare, V. M. (2018) · 2018 International Conference on Research in Intelligent and Computing in Engineering (RICE) · doi:10.1109/rice.2018.8509057 · Cited by 32
A Literature Review on Schema Evolution in Databases
Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., & Oliboni, B. (2024) · Computing Open · doi:10.1142/s2972370124300012 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Shute, J., Vingralek, R., Samwel, B., Handy, B., Whipkey, C., Rollins, E., Oancea, M., Littlefield, K., Menestrina, D., Ellner, S., Cieslewicz, J., Rae, I., Stancescu, T., & Apte, H.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1068-1079
- ISSN
- 2150-8097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972115340
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 42.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: F1: a distributed SQL database that scales. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.14778/2536222.2536232
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- Shute, J., Vingralek, R., Samwel, B., Handy, B., Whipkey, C., Rollins, E., Oancea, M., Littlefield, K., Menestrina, D., Ellner, S., Cieslewicz, J., Rae, I., Stancescu, T., & Apte, H. (2013). F1: a distributed SQL database that scales. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment. https://doi.org/10.14778/2536222.2536232
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
