Grain-128a: A new version of Grain-128 with optional authentication
Open accessAbstract
A new version of the stream cipher Grain-128 is proposed. The new version, Grain-128a, is strengthened against all known attacks and observations on the original Grain-128, and has built-in support for optional authentication. The changes are modest, keeping the basic structure of Grain-128. This gives a high confidence in Grain-128a and allows for easy updating of existing implementations.
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The degree of NFSR feedback was increased to 4 in Grain-128a to compensate this weakness.
“The degree of NFSR feedback was increased to 4 in Grain-128a to compensate this weakness [12].”
From Fruit-80: A Secure Ultra-Lightweight Stream Cipher for Constrained Environments (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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Fruit-80: A Secure Ultra-Lightweight Stream Cipher for Constrained Environments
Amin Ghafari, V., & Hu, H. (2018) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e20030180 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“The degree of NFSR feedback was increased to 4 in Grain-128a to compensate this weakness [12].”
BackgroundAnalysis of Area-Efficiency vs. Unrolling for eSTREAM Hardware Portfolio Stream Ciphers
Alharbi, F., Hameed, M. K., Chowdhury, A., Khalid, A., Chattopadhyay, A., & Javed, I. T. (2020) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics9111935 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The hardware portfolio comprised of Grain (Now Grain Family: Grain-128AEAD [4], Grain-128a [5], Grain-128 [6], and Grain v.1 [7] ciphers for constrained computing environments) MICKEY [8] and Trivium [9] stream cipher proposals.”
Background
- Authors
- Ågren, M., Hell, M., Johansson, T., & Meier, W.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (CH)
- Venue
- International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing
- Publisher
- Inderscience Publishers
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48
- ISSN
- 1741-1084 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-1092
- OpenAlex
- W2165883295
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 12.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lup.lub.lu.se
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cryptographic Implementations and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Coding theory and cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic
- Keywords
- Grain-128, stream ciphers, lightweight cryptography, cryptanalysis resistance, cipher design
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