The role of estrogen in adipose tissue metabolism: insights into glucose homeostasis regulation [Review]
Open accessAbstract
Adipose tissue is an organ with active endocrine function involved in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis via multiple metabolic signaling pathways targeting the brain, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and other organs. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that the female sex hormone, estrogen, regulates adipose development and improves systemic glucose homeostasis in both males and females. The underlying mechanism linking estrogenic regulation in adipose tissue and systemic glucose metabolism has not been fully elucidated, but is thought to include interactions of estrogen receptor signaling events involving lipolytic and/or lipogenic enzyme activity, free fatty acid metabolism, and adipocytokine production. Thus, understanding the effects of estrogen replacement on adipose tissue biology and metabolism is important in determining the risk of developing obesity-related metabolic disorders in patients undergoing treatment for sex hormone deficiency. In this report, we review literature regarding the role of estrogens and their corresponding receptors in the control of adipose metabolism and glucose homeostasis in both rodents and humans. We also discuss the effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators on glucose metabolism.
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Conceptual models of energy availability thresholds have been proposed from well-controlled laboratory studies.
“conceptual models of energy availability thresholds have been proposed from well-controlled laboratory studies [63–65].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
Section 7 (Conclusions; page unavailable) discusses estrogen’s role in energy homeostasis, and Section 4 discusses glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. Neither addresses conceptual thresholds of energy availability or models derived from controlled laboratory studies; searches for those terms found no relevant passage. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn clinical studies, an energy availability of 30 kcal/kg fat-free mass/day is the threshold at and below which suppressed metabolic hormones and reductions in luteinizing hormone pulsatility are observed after as little as 5 days in healthy females.
“In clinical studies, it has been established that EA of 30 kcal kg−1 FFM·day−1 is the threshold at and below which suppressed metabolic hormones and reductions in luteinizing hormone pulsatility is observed after as little as 5 days in healthy females [64,65,129,140,141].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSpecific guidelines for an optimal energy availability for competitive female athletes have not been established.
“Specific guidelines for an optimal EA for competitive female athletes have not been established”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
Section 2 discusses estrogen, energy balance, and glucose metabolism; the Conclusions discuss estrogen's effects on metabolic health. Neither addresses whether optimal energy-availability guidelines have been established for competitive female athletes. Searches for that phrase and for athlete energy-availability recommendations found no relevant passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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References 129 · Cited by 111
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [40]40. Stubbins RE, Holcomb VB, Hong J, Nunez NP (2012) Estrogen modulates abdominal adiposity and protects pause. Metabolism 40(12): 1323-1326.
- [65]65. Gallagher CJ, Langefeld CD, Gordon CJ, Campbell JK, Mychaleckyj JC, et al. (2007) Association of the estro- gen receptor-alpha gene with the metabolic syndrome major predictor of bone loss in women specific to the first decade past menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(5): 2032-2042.
- Authors
- Kim, J. H., Cho, H. T., & Kim, Y. J.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- Venue
- Endocrine Journal
- Publisher
- Japan Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1055-1067
- ISSN
- 0918-8959 (ISSN-L)
- 1348-4540
- OpenAlex
- W2040857331
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Endocrine Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- estrogen, adipose tissue metabolism, glucose homeostasis, estrogen receptor signaling, lipolysis, lipogenesis, free fatty acid metabolism, adipokines, estrogen replacement therapy, sex hormone deficiency, obesity, selective estrogen receptor modulators, energy balance
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Estrogens, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Postmenopause, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Estrogen Receptor beta, Adipokines
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