The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Note on Psychological Distance and Export Market Selection
Abstract
The concept of psychological distance, or psychic distance, was first proposed by Beckerman (1956) and later popularized by Johanson and Vahlne (1977) . However, efforts to test the impact of psychological distance on export market selection have been sporadic and flawed. The author calibrates a single-item indicator of psychological distance using an independent panel of experts. The predictive ability of the resulting instrument is then tested on the order in which Australian exporters select their first five foreign markets. The author then compares this instrument with three other scales that are commonly employed as indicators of psychological distance. Scales based on Sethi's (1971) and Hofstede's (1980) work prove to be inferior predictors of early market selection. Geographic distance is found to be a significant predictor, but its effect is largely independent of psychological distance. The author also explores the dynamic nature of psychological distance. The impact of psychological distance on market selection appears to decrease substantially after the first market entry decision but remains a significant predictor.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1977) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490676 · Cited by 10,861
Cited by
Developing a multidimensional instrument to measure psychic distance stimuli
Dow, D., & Karunaratna, A. (2006) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400221 · Cited by 852
Self-citationPerceived Proximity in Virtual Work: Explaining the Paradox of Far-but-Close
Wilson, J. M., Boyer O'Leary, M., Metiu, A., & Jett, Q. R. (2008) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840607083105 · Cited by 366
Operationalizing Psychic Distance: A Revised Approach
Brewer, P. A. (2007) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jimk.15.1.044 · Cited by 265
Subjective Distance and Team Collaboration in Distributed Teams
Siebdrat, F., Hoegl, M., & Ernst, H. (2014) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12122 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Dow, D.
- Venue
- Journal of International Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-64
- ISSN
- 1069-031X (ISSN-L)
- 1547-7215
- OpenAlex
- W2165298879
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 10.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Note on Psychological Distance and Export Market Selection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1509/jimk.8.1.51.19563
- The paper
- Dow, D. (2000). A Note on Psychological Distance and Export Market Selection. Journal of International Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.8.1.51.19563
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
