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Climate Change and Respiratory Infections
Abstract
The rate of global warming has accelerated over the past 50 years. Increasing surface temperature is melting glaciers and raising the sea level. More flooding, droughts, hurricanes, and heat waves are being reported. Accelerated changes in climate are already affecting human health, in part by altering the epidemiology of climate-sensitive pathogens. In particular, climate change may alter the incidence and severity of respiratory infections by affecting vectors and host immune responses. Certain respiratory infections, such as avian influenza and coccidioidomycosis, are occurring in locations previously unaffected, apparently because of global warming. Young children and older adults appear to be particularly vulnerable to rapid fluctuations in ambient temperature. For example, an increase in the incidence in childhood pneumonia in Australia has been associated with sharp temperature drops from one day to the next. Extreme weather events, such as heat waves, floods, major storms, drought, and wildfires, are also believed to change the incidence of respiratory infections. An outbreak of aspergillosis among Japanese survivors of the 2011 tsunami is one such well-documented example. Changes in temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and air pollution influence viral activity and transmission. For example, in early 2000, an outbreak of Hantavirus respiratory disease was linked to a local increase in the rodent population, which in turn was attributed to a two- to threefold increase in rainfall before the outbreak. Climate-sensitive respiratory pathogens present challenges to respiratory health that may be far greater in the foreseeable future.
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“Climate change will affect patterns of respiratory pathogens in both rural and urban settings.74”
From Climate change and child health: A scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“Climate variability in the form of increased rainfall and humidity correlates with a higher risk of contracting bacterial and viral lower respiratory tract infections among children.74”
From Climate change and child health: A scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
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Recommendations for Public Policy
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch9
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_es
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_fm
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch3
Change in Climate Patterns: 1976–2019
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch5
Health Insurance Problems of Unknown Infections
Tsvetkova, L. I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83566-8_22
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch7
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch10
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch4
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch2
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch1
Back Matter: Appendices A and B
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_bm
Patterns of Infectious Diseases in Bangladesh
Mahmud, I., Raza, W. A., & Hossain, M. R. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1764-9_ch8
Metadata
- Authors
- Mirsaeidi, M., Motahari, H., Taghizadeh Khamesi, M., Sharifi, A., Campos, M., & Schraufnagel, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mirsaeidi, Mehdi
- Venue
- Annals of the American Thoracic Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-08-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1223-1230
- ISSN
- 2325-6621 (ISSN-L)
- 2329-6933
- OpenAlex
- W2423449082
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 6.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the American Thoracic Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Keywords
- climate change, respiratory infections, global warming, extreme weather events, heat waves, floods, drought, forest fires, pediatric pneumonia, avian influenza, coccidioidomycosis, aspergillosis, hantavirus, rodent populations, rainfall, air pollution, relative humidity, temperature fluctuations, vector-borne transmission, host immune response, vulnerable populations
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollution, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Public Health, Respiratory Tract Infections, Global Warming
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