The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Prevented for long periods from working at nonmilitary occupations, bannermen were heavily dependent on stipend rates set in the seventeenth century and cut in the nineteenth century (Crossley 1990, 52-54, 147-48).”
From Guarding Beijing's Food Security in the Qing Dynasty: State, Market, and Police (1999) · cites this paper as Crossley 1990, 52-54, 147-48
In the citing paper
“After the fall of the dynasty, a social survey showed the remaining Manchu population in Beijing to have an average income half that of the Chinese (Crossley 1990, 216, citing Gamble and Burgess 1921).”
From Guarding Beijing's Food Security in the Qing Dynasty: State, Market, and Police (1999) · cites this paper as Crossley 1990, 216
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guarding Beijing's Food Security in the Qing Dynasty: State, Market, and Police
Li, L. M., & Dray-Novey, A. (1999) · The Journal of Asian Studies · doi:10.2307/2658493 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Crossley, P. K.
- Publisher
- Princeton University Press
- Published
- 1990-12-31
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 0
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1515/9780691224985
- The paper
- Crossley, P. K. (1990). Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691224985
