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Voice, Trust, and Memory: Marginalized Groups and the Failings of Liberal Representation
Abstract
Does fair political representation for historically disadvantaged groups require their presence in legislative bodies? The intuition that women are best represented by women, and African-Americans by other African-Americans, has deep historical roots. Yet the conception of fair representation that prevails in American political culture and jurisprudence--what Melissa Williams calls "liberal representation"--concludes that the social identity of legislative representatives does not bear on their quality as representatives. Liberal representation's slogan, "one person, one vote," concludes that the outcome of the electoral and legislative process is fair, whatever it happens to be, so long as no voter is systematically excluded. Challenging this notion, Williams maintains that fair representation is powerfully affected by the identity of legislators and whether some of them are actually members of the historically marginalized groups that are most in need of protection in our society. Williams argues first that the distinctive voice of these groups should be audible within the legislative process. Second, she holds that the self-representation of these groups is necessary to sustain their trust in democratic institutions. The memory of state-sponsored discrimination against these groups, together with ongoing patterns of inequality along group lines, provides both a reason to recognize group claims and a way of distinguishing stronger from weaker claims. The book closes by proposing institutions that can secure fair representation for marginalized groups without compromising principles of democratic freedom and equality.
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“One of the more prominent is the concern over whether women legislators behave differently than male legislators and whether they offer a fundamentally different form of representation by speaking ''in a different voice'' (Gilligan 1993;Williams 1998;Diaz 2005).”
From Fightin' Words: Lexical Feature Selection and Evaluation for Identifying the Content of Political Conflict (2008) · cites this paper as Williams 1998
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Metadata
- Authors
- Williams, M. S.
- Corresponding author
- Williams, Melissa S.
- Venue
- Princeton University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Princeton University Press
- Published
- 1998-12-31
- OpenAlex
- W4312375731
- Cited by
- 533
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.50
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Princeton University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Philosophy and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Politics and Representation
- Keywords
- women legislators, African American legislators, self-representation, trust in democratic institutions, one person one vote, minority political participation, democratic equality, representation of marginalized groups
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