The Effects of Creatine Loading on Thermoregulation and Intermittent Sprint Exercise Performance in a Hot Humid Environment
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects creatine (Cr) loading may have on thermoregulatory responses during intermittent sprint exercise in a hot/humid environment. Ten physically active, heat-acclimatized men performed 2 familiarization sessions of an exercise test consisting of a 30-minute low-intensity warm-up followed by 6 x 10 second maximal sprints on a cycle ergometer in the heat (35 degrees C, 60% relative humidity). Subjects then participated in 2 different weeks of supplementation. The first week, subjects ingested 5 g of a placebo (P, maltodextrin) in 4 flavored drinks (20 g total) per day for 6 days and were retested on day 7. The second week was similar to the first except a similar dose (4 x 5 g/day) of creatine monohydrate (Cr) replaced maltodextrin in the flavored drinks. Six days of Cr supplementation produced a significant increase in body weight (+1.30 +/- 0.63 kg), whereas the P did not (+0.11 +/- 0.52 kg). Compared to preexercise measures, the exercise test in the heat produced a significant increase in core temperature, a loss of body water determined by body weight change during exercise, and a relative change in plasma volume (%PVC); however, these were not significantly different between P and Cr. Sprint performance was enhanced by Cr loading. Peak power and mean power were significantly higher during the intermittent sprint exercise test following 6 days of Cr supplementation. It appears that ingestion of Cr for 6 days does not produce any different thermoregulatory responses to intermittent sprint exercise and may augment sprint exercise performance in the heat.
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Creatine supplementation, with or without glycerol, helps athletes hyper-hydrate and thereby enhance tolerance to exercise in the heat.
“creatine supplementation (with or without glycerol) has been reported to help athletes hyper-hydrate and thereby enhance tolerance to exercise in the heat [28, 37, 131–145].”
From Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? (2021) · cites this paper as [137]
Cites
Creatine Supplementation Enhances Muscular Performance During High-Intensity Resistance Exercise
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“7 kg (2, 3, 9, 17, 29, 30) following 5–7 days of Cr ingestion.”
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Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D. S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., Candow, D. G., Kleiner, S. M., Almada, A. L., & Lopez, H. L. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z · Cited by 854 · see citing works
“groups [118, 119, 127, 128] leading researchers to add creatine to glycerol as a highly effective hyperhydrating strategy to help athletes better tolerate exercise in the heat [116, 120–122, 125, 126].”
BackgroundAntonio, J., Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., Gualano, B., Jagim, A. R., Kreider, R. B., Rawson, E. S., Smith-Ryan, A. E., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Willoughby, D. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Putting the Myth of Creatine Supplementation Leading to Muscle Cramps and Dehydration to Rest
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The Physiological Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Hydration: A Review
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- Authors
- Wright, G. A., Grandjean, P. W., & Pascoe, D. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (US)
- Auburn University (US)
- ORCID
- Grandjean, Peter W.
- Venue
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 655
- ISSN
- 1064-8011 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4287
- OpenAlex
- W2053840161
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Auburn University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- creatine supplementation, creatine loading, thermoregulation, hot humid environment, heat acclimatization, core body temperature, plasma volume, body water loss, sprint performance, peak power, heat stress
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Volume, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation, Body Water, Body Weight, Creatine, Hot Temperature, Humans, Humidity, Male, Running, Sweating, Body Mass Index, Dietary Supplements
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