Shift from goal-directed to habitual cocaine seeking after prolonged experience in rats
Open accessAbstract
The development of drug-seeking habits is implicated in the transition from recreational drug use to addiction. Using a drug seeking/taking chained schedule of intravenous cocaine self-administration and reward devaluation methods in rats, the present studies examined whether drug seeking that is initially goal-directed becomes habitual after prolonged drug seeking and taking. Devaluation of the outcome of the drug seeking link (i.e., the drug taking link of the chained schedule) by extinction significantly decreased drug seeking indicating that behavior is goal-directed rather than habitual. With, however, more prolonged drug experience, animals transitioned to habitual cocaine seeking. Thus, in these animals, cocaine seeking was insensitive to outcome devaluation. Moreover, when the dorsolateral striatum, an area implicated in habit learning, was transiently inactivated, outcome devaluation was effective in decreasing drug seeking indicating that responding was no longer habitual but had reverted to control by the goal-directed system. These studies provide direct evidence that cocaine seeking becomes habitual with prolonged drug experience and describe a rodent model with which to study the neural mechanisms underlying the transition from goal-directed to habitual drug seeking.
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Cues come to trigger drug seeking and consumption independently of the drug outcome, much as people repeat habits with limited sensitivity to goals and outcomes.
“These various learning mechanisms are involved in the cues that come to trigger drug seeking and consumption independently of the drug outcome, much as people repeat habits with limited sensitivity to goals and outcomes (Zapata et al. 2010).”
From Psychology of Habit. (2016) · cites this paper as Zapata et al. 2010
The Discussion reports that, after prolonged cocaine experience, seeking in rats became a stimulus–response habit insensitive to outcome devaluation and was maintained by cocaine-associated stimuli. But the study distinguishes seeking from taking: it did not establish that cues trigger drug consumption independently of the drug outcome, or test habitual behavior in people. Its devaluation procedure targeted the drug-taking link rather than cocaine’s effects. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredZapata et al. showed that cocaine-seeking in rats in a two lever seeking-taking schedule became insensitive to devaluation of taking after a prolonged cocaine taking history.
“Zapata et al (2010) showed that cocaine-seeking in rats in a two lever ‘seeking-taking’ schedule of administration became insensitive to devaluation of ‘taking’ after a prolonged cocaine taking history.”
From The role of habit in compulsivity (2016) · cites this paper as Zapata et al (2010)
The formation of drug habits is associated with a shift away from engagement of the prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum towards more dorsolateral parts of the striatum with prolonged drug use.
“Lesion and microdialysis studies show that the formation of drug habits is associated with a shift away from engagement of the prelimbic cortex30 and dorsomedial striatum31 towards more dorsolateral parts of the striatum9 with prolonged drug use.32”
From Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for overreliance on habit learning in alcohol-dependent patients (2013) · cites this paper as [32]
Inactivation of the dorsolateral striatum reverses habitual drug seeking in rats exposed to prolonged alcohol or cocaine use.
“Inactivation of the dorsolateral striatum on the other hand reverses habitual drug seeking in rats that were exposed to prolonged alcohol31 or cocaine use.32”
From Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for overreliance on habit learning in alcohol-dependent patients (2013) · cites this paper as [32]
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References 47 · Cited by 296
- Authors
- Zapata, A., Minney, V. L., & Shippenberg, T. S.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-11-17
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 15457-15463
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3073559
- OpenAlex
- W1964952275
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 6.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 DA999999)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- cocaine seeking, goal-directed behavior, habitual behavior, reward devaluation, outcome devaluation, extinction, dorsolateral striatum, addiction, self-administration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cocaine, Conditioning, Operant, Goals, Male, Self Administration, Time Factors, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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