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Differential Regulation of AMPA Receptor and GABA Receptor Trafficking by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
Open accessAbstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) causes a rapid exocytosis of AMPA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal cells and is constitutively required for the maintenance of normal surface expression of AMPA receptors. Here we demonstrate that TNFα acts on neuronal TNFR1 receptors to preferentially exocytose glutamate receptor 2-lacking AMPA receptors through a phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-dependent process. This increases excitatory synaptic strength while changing the molecular stoichiometry of synaptic AMPA receptors. Conversely, TNFα causes an endocytosis of GABA A receptors, resulting in fewer surface GABA A receptors and a decrease in inhibitory synaptic strength. These results suggest that TNFα can regulate neuronal circuit homeostasis in a manner that may exacerbate excitotoxic damage resulting from neuronal insults.
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“This model is based on the observations that TNFa levels are elevated by prolonged (48 h) activity blockade, acute application of TNFa (or conditioned media from activity-blocked cultures) increases mEPSC amplitude, and scaling up in response to prolonged activity blockade is prevented by blocking TNFa signaling (Beattie et al. 2002;Stellwagen et al. 2005;Stellwagen and Malenka 2006).”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Stellwagen et al. 2005
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“This model is based on the observations that TNFa levels are elevated by prolonged (48 h) activity blockade, acute application of TNFa (or conditioned media from activity-blocked cultures) increases mEPSC amplitude, and scaling up in response to prolonged activity blockade is prevented by blocking TNFa signaling (Beattie et al. 2002;Stellwagen et al. 2005;Stellwagen and Malenka 2006).”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Stellwagen et al. 2005
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This model is based on the observations that TNFa levels are elevated by prolonged (48 h) activity blockade, acute application of TNFa (or conditioned media from activity-blocked cultures) increases mEPSC amplitude, and scaling up in response to prolonged activity blockade is prevented by blocking TNFa signaling (Beattie et al. 2002;Stellwagen et al. 2005;Stellwagen and Malenka 2006).”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Stellwagen et al. 2005
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Cites
The Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels
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“These new synaptic AMPARs are likely replaced over time by GluR2-containing receptors, because HPP-spermine had no effect on mEPSCs recorded from control neurons despite the finding that constitutive TNF release is necessary to maintain normal levels of surface AMPARs.”
BackgroundInfluentialAMPA Receptor Trafficking and Synaptic Plasticity
Malinow, R., & Malenka, R. C. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142758 · Cited by 2,588 · cited 2×
“Trafficking of these receptors is thought to underlie, at least in part, both rapid forms of synaptic plasticity and slower homeostatic changes in transmission (Malinow and Malenka, 2002; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHomeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system
Turrigiano, G. G., & Nelson, S. B. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1327 · Cited by 2,485 · cited 9×
“…circuit activity is pharmacologically reduced, excitatory synapses are strengthened and inhibitory synapses weakened (Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004), at least in part through changes in the synaptic surface expression of AMPARs and GABAA receptors (Kilman et al., 2002; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSignal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and its relatives.
Baud, V., & Karin, M. (2001) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(01)02064-5 · Cited by 1,741 · cited 3×
“TNFR1 initiates signaling through an array of downstream pathways, most known for their roles in gene expression and apoptosis (Pan et al., 1997; Baud and Karin, 2001).”
BackgroundControl of Synaptic Strength by Glial TNFα
Beattie, E. C., Stellwagen, D., Morishita, W., Bresnahan, J. C., Ha, B. K., Von Zastrow, M., Beattie, M. S., & Malenka, R. C. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067859 · Cited by 1,344 · cited 7×
“Recently, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor- (TNF ) was found to be a novel, gliareleased factor that increases the surface expression of AMPARs (Beattie et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationBezzi, P., Domercq, M., Brambilla, L., Galli, R., Schols, D., De Clercq, E., Vescovi, A., Bagetta, G., Kollias, G., Meldolesi, J., et al. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/89490 · Cited by 1,102 · cited 2×
“In contrast, consistent with our previous results (Beattie et al., 2002), a recombinant soluble form of the TNF receptor TNFR1 (sTNFR), which binds endogenous TNF (Bezzi et al., 2001), decreased surface GluR1 staining (10 g/ ml; 72 5%; n 59) (Fig.”
BackgroundResultReinsertion or Degradation of AMPA Receptors Determined by Activity-Dependent Endocytic Sorting
Ehlers, M. D. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00129-x · Cited by 1,096 · cited 2×
“It is possible that the antibodies to GluR1 might somehow sterically inhibit antibody staining of surface GluR2, and, therefore, we used an alternative technique, biotinylation of surface AMPARs (Ehlers, 2000; Kim and von Zastrow, 2003), to reexamine whether GluR2 surface expression was increased by TNF .”
MethodGlial activation: a driving force for pathological pain
Watkins, L. R., Milligan, E. D., & Maier, S. F. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01854-3 · Cited by 1,091 · cited 1×
“Similarly, the effects of TNF could contribute to the modification of circuit behavior that underlies the hyperalgesia after peripheral nerve damage, a neuropathological state that involves glia-released cytokines, including TNF (Watkins et al., 2001; Milligan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundLu, W.-Y., Man, H., Ju, W. H., Trimble, W. S., MacDonald, J. F., & Wang, Y. T. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00194-5 · Cited by 935 · cited 1×
“However, glycine treatment caused an increase in surface expression of both GluR1 and GluR2 (Lu et al., 2001; Man et al., 2003), although we observed a large increase in surface GluR1 with TNF but no significant change in surface GluR2.”
BackgroundTumor Necrosis Factor-α: A Mediator of Focal Ischemic Brain Injury
Barone, F. C., Arvin, B., White, R. F., Miller, A., Webb, C. L., Willette, R. N., Lysko, P. G., & Feuerstein, G. Z. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.6.1233 · Cited by 863 · cited 2×
“…Nagatsu et al., 2000; Perry et al., 2001), and preventing its signaling in vivo can, for example, prevent or reduce neuron loss after cerebral ischemia (Dawson et al., 1996; Barone et al., 1997; Meistrell et al., 1997) and head injury (for review, see Barone et al., 1997; Shohami et al., 1999).”
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Chapter 22 Contribution of glia to pain processing in health and disease
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“, 2000), reducing cell-surface GABAAR (Pribiag & Stellwagen, 2013), and decreasing the ratio between GABA and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) synaptic activities (Olmos & Llado, 2014; Stellwagen et al., 2005).”
BackgroundYin, T., Ramon, A., Greenig, M., Sormanni, P., & D'adamio, L. (2025) · mAbs · doi:10.1080/19420862.2025.2498164 · Cited by 13
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HIV and FIV glycoproteins increase cellular tau pathology via cGMP-dependent kinase II activation
Sathler, M. F., Doolittle, M. J., Cockrell, J. A., Nadalin, I. R., Hofmann, F., VandeWoude, S., & Kim, S. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475910 · Cited by 14
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“Reportedly, the cytokine can influence neuronal cells by direct interaction or through the expression of neurotransmitter receptors on glial cells (53, 54) and it is also thought to create alterations in the permeability of the blood brain barrier (55, 56).”
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“Several of these cytokines were shown directly affect GABAergic transmission, impacting GABA A-mediated synaptic strength and dendritic homeostasis (Beattie et al., 2002; Benes, 2010; Stellwagen et al., 2005; Sun et al., 2010; Vezzani et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2000), pointing to the need to better understand, as well…”
BackgroundExploring neuroinflammation as a potential avenue to improve the clinical efficacy of opioids
Thomas, J., & Hutchinson, M. R. (2012) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.12.125 · Cited by 14
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A Neuron–Glial Perspective for Computational Neuroscience
Pittà, M. D., & Berry, H. (2019) · Springer series in computational neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00817-8_1 · Cited by 13
“…this modulates glutamatergic gliotransmission (via a yetunresolved pathway) (Santello and Volterra, 2012); at synapses it modulates instead insertion (endocytosis) of postsynaptic AMPA (GABA) receptors (not shown) (Stellwagen et al., 2005; Pribiag and Stellwagen, 2013; Lewitus et al., 2014).”
BackgroundA computational strategy for finding novel targets and therapeutic compounds for opioid dependence
Wu, X., Xie, S., Wang, L., Fan, P., Ge, S., Xie, X., & Wu, W. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207027 · Cited by 12
Immunity Activation in Brain Cells in Epilepsy: Mechanistic Insights and Pathological Consequences
Ravizza, T., Kostoula, C., & Vezzani, A. (2013) · Neuropediatrics · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1358601 · Cited by 13
Brain Inflammation and Epilepsy
Ravizza, T., Balosso, S., Aronica, E., & Vezzani, A. (2010) · Epilepsy · doi:10.1201/9781420085594-c4 · Cited by 13
Daulatzai, M. A. (2015) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-015-9528-x · Cited by 12
“…in the hippocampus (Cumiskey et al. 2007; Cunningham et al. 1996; Pickering et al. 2005; Tancredi et al. 1992; Battia and O’Connor 2010) and interfere with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (Stellwagen et al. 2005).”
BackgroundAstrocytes at the heart of sleep: from genes to network dynamics
Bellier, F. C., Walter, A., Lecoin, L., Chauveau, F., Rouach, N., & Rancillac, A. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-025-05671-3 · Cited by 13
“However, since the in vitro effects of TNFα on glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses are diverse [140, 141], it remains unclear whether glial-derived TNFα signaling provides a plausible molecular mechanism for synaptic weakening during sleep.”
Seizures in brain tumors: pathogenesis, risk factors and management (Review)
Dantio, C. D., Fasoranti, D. O., Teng, C., & Li, X. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2025.5523 · Cited by 16
Transdiagnostic features of inflammatory markers and executive function across psychiatric disorders
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RETRACTED: Exploring the role of biologics in depression
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“…acid (AMPA) receptors in excitatory neurons, as well as decreasing the impact of inhibitory synaptic strength through selective endocytosis of aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors (Beattie et al., 2002; Santello et al., 2011; Stellwagen et al., 2005; Stellwagen & Mal- enka, 2006).”
BackgroundNGPF2 Triggers Synaptic Scaling Up Through ALK-LIMK-Cofilin Mediated Mechanisms
Zhou, Z., He, G., Zhang, X., Lv, X., Zhang, X., Liu, A., Xia, S., Xie, H., Dang, R., Han, L., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109515 · Cited by 13
Andrographolide relieved pathological pain generated by spared nerve injury model in mice
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“In the spinal cord, the allodynia could be triggered by an autocrine loop mediated by MAPK/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-jB) pathway which is initiated by pro-inflammatory cytokines (Stellwagen et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMaternal brain TNF programs innate fear in the offspring
Zupan, B., Liu, B., Taki, F., Toth, J., & Toth, M. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.071 · Cited by 12
TNF and Leptin Tell Essentially the Same Story in Alzheimer's Disease
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Alomar, H. A., Nadeem, A., Ansari, M. A., Attia, S. M., Bakheet, S. A., Al‐Mazroua, H. A., Alhazzani, K., Assiri, M. A., Alqinyah, M., Almudimeegh, S., et al. (2023) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.003 · Cited by 13
“The TNF-α has been shown to affect synaptic transmission and synaptic scaling and regulate the production of cytokines and chemokines, which impact neuronal function (Beattie et al., 2002; Stellwagen et al., 2005).”
Guo, A., & Lau, C. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.824454 · Cited by 11
“…in brain slices, consistent with increases of AMPAR expression and decreases of GABAAR expression, respectively, on the cell surface after exogenous TNF-α treatment in cultured neurons (Beattie et al., 2002; Stellwagen et al., 2005; Stellwagen and Malenka, 2006; Pribiag and Stellwagen, 2013).”
BackgroundAhn, S. Y., Jie, H., Jung, W., Jeong, J., Ko, S., Im, G. H., Park, W. S., Lee, J. H., Chang, Y. S., & Chung, S. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113736 · Cited by 13
Vega-García, A., Feria-Romero, I. A., García-Juárez, A., Munguia-Madera, A. C., Montes-Aparicio, A. V., Zequeida-Muñoz, E., Garcia-Albavera, E., & Orozco-Suárez, S. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.610484 · Cited by 14
“These effects have also been tested in GPR55- and TRPV1-knockout mice (Klein et al., 2017; Stott et al., 2018; Franco and Perucca, 2019).”
BackgroundO’Reilly, M. L., Mironets, E., Shapiro, T. M., Crowther, K., Collyer, E., Bethea, J. R., & Tom, V. J. (2021) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7504 · Cited by 13
“16–18 sTNF a is upregulated within minutes post-SCI 19,20 and persists at heightened levels for weeks within the SSR circuit, as does its primary receptor TNFR1 and downstream NF-j B p65 activity.”
Berger, C., Welsh, N. C., Sepulveda‐Rodriguez, A., Vicini, S., & Maguire‐Zeiss, K. A. (2017) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13711 · Cited by 12
“…et al., 2007), and because proinflammatory molecules like TNFa and NO can alter CP-AMPAR trafficking (Albensi & Mattson, 2000; Beattie et al., 2002; Stellwagen et al., 2005; Lai et al., 2006; Stellwagen & Malenka, 2006; Balosso et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2010; Lewitus et al., 2014, 2016), CP-AMPARs…”
BackgroundImproving Cognitive Outcome in Cerebral Malaria: Insights from Clinical and Experimental Research
de Miranda, A. S., Brant, F., Machado, F. S., Rachid, M. A., & Teixeira, A. L. (2011) · Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1871524911106040285 · Cited by 11
“The TNF- , described as the main inflammatory mediator in CM pathogenesis, is also produced by glia cells during another CNS dysfunction such as ischemia, infectious diseases and trauma, was show to induce an increase glutamate release by astrocytes [37-39].”
BackgroundMénard, C., Chartier, E., Patenaude, C., Robinson, P., Cyr, M., Baudry, M., & Massicotte, G. (2007) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20343 · Cited by 11
“Upregulation of GluR2-lacking receptors has also been demonstrated to occur in hippocampal neurons after neuronal activity deprivation (Thiagarajan et al., 2005) and tumor necrosis factor-a receptor stimulation (Stellwagen et al., 2005).”
Cancela, L. M., Mongi‐Bragato, B., Avalos, M. P., & Bollati, F. A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27010385 · Cited by 9
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Role of spinal astrocytes through the perisynaptic astrocytic process in pathological pain
Ko, H., Chun, H., Han, S., & Kaang, B. (2023) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-023-01069-z · Cited by 10
“Although, the expression of TNFα in the hippocampus did not induce the insertion of the GABA receptor, this did induce endocytosis [22].”
BackgroundRibeiro, R., Silva, E. G., Moreira, F., Gomes, G. F., Cussat, G. R., Silva, B. R. C., da Silva, M. C. M., Fernandes, H. D. B., Oliveira, C. D. S., Guarnieri, L. D. O., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-42955-9 · Cited by 10
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Barney, T. M., Vore, A. S., & Deak, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.884197 · Cited by 14
“An in vitro experiment demonstrated that in neuronal cultures, application of TNFα caused internalization of GABA receptors in neurons, decreasing total available GABA receptors on the surface of the cell (Stellwagen et al., 2005).”
BackgroundLane, D., Reed, B., Kreek, M. J., & Pickel, V. M. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.12.031 · Cited by 10
“…activity and/or strength have been shown to trigger glialmediated modulation of AMPA receptor trafficking to balance excitation/inhibition during periods of intense change in synapse number or strength (Stellwagen et al., 2005; Stellwagen and Malenka, 2006; Gainey et al., 2009; Zhao et al., 2010).”
BackgroundRosenblum, S. L., Bailey, D. K., & Kosman, D. J. (2024) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107348 · Cited by 9
Chemogenetic manipulation of astrocyte activity at the synapse— a gateway to manage brain disease
Pereira, M. J., Ayana, R., Holt, M. G., & Arckens, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1193130 · Cited by 10
“Astrocytic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) can also recruit AMPAR to excitatory synapses, while decreasing GABAA receptor density at inhibitory synapses, thus regulating overall neuronal circuit activity (Beattie et al., 2002; Stellwagen et al., 2005; Stellwagen and Malenka, 2006).”
BackgroundNonpharmacological modulation of cortical spreading depolarization
Nash, C., Powell, K., Lynch, D. G., Hartings, J. A., & Li, C. (2023) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121833 · Cited by 10
Lund, M. C., Ellman, D. G., Nielsen, P. V., Raffaele, S., Fumagalli, M., Guzman, R. G., Degn, M., Brambilla, R., Meyer, M., Clausen, B. H., et al. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12060845 · Cited by 9
“As TNF is implicated in the regulation of post-synaptic AMPA receptors and synaptic plasticity [49] and has been demonstrated to enhance the susceptibility of motor neurons to slow excitotoxic injury [50], we examined whether inhibition of solTNF affected transcription levels of the AMPA receptor subunit 2, Gria2, aft…”
BackgroundCambria, C., Ingegnoli, F., Borzi, E., Cantone, L., Coletto, L. A., Rizzuto, A. S., Lucia, O. D., Briguglio, S., Ruscica, M., Caporali, R. F., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11152276 · Cited by 9
Alterations in brainstem respiratory centers following peripheral inflammation: A systematic review.
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Modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with opioid use disorder with brain organoids
Willner, M. J., Xiao, Y., Kim, H. S., Chen, X., Xu, B., & Leong, K. W. (2021) · Journal of Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1177/2041731420985299 · Cited by 8
Possible interplay between the theories of pharmacoresistant epilepsy
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“…both glutamate transporter (GLT1 and GLAST) and GABAA receptor expression, and upregulate AMPA receptor, resulting in an overall increase in neural excitability (Song and Zhao, 2001; Holdridge et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2012; Eidson et al., 2017; Ogoshi et al., 2005; Stellwagen et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSun, T., Luo, L., Tian, Q., Wang, W.-J., Liu, Q.-Q., Yang, L., Zhang, K., Zhang, W., Zhao, M., & Yang, Q. (2020) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-020-00203-2 · Cited by 12
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“…with functional findings in other systems showing that TNFa application results in a rapid and long-lasting TNFR1-dependent decrease in inhibitory synaptic signaling mediated by an increase in the removal of plasma membrane GABA-A receptors (Stellwagen et al., 2005; Pribiag and Stellwagen, 2013).”
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“Cellular mechanisms downstream of TNF- and the PKC / -p62/ZIP signaling complex are currently unknown, but may involve changes in membrane bound chloride cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1 (20), amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) (16), -aminobutyric acid receptors (44), or a combination o…”
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“Both cytokines can also decrease GABAmediated neurotransmission (Viviani et al. 2003; Stellwagen et al. 2005; Roseti et al. 2015), thereby unbalancing excitatory/inhibitory drive.”
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“In turn, TNFα induces a compensatory increase in excitatory synaptic strength (Stellwagen and Malenka, 2006) which brings neurons back to their former activity state (Beattie et al., 2002; Stellwagen et al., 2005).”
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“Pro-inflammatory cytokines regulate neurotransmission in the hippocampus in both normal tissue (Beattie et al., 2002; Stellwagen et al., 2005; Stellwagen and Malenka, 2006), and in neurological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease (Singh et al., 2019) and mTBI (Batsaikhan et al., 2019; Palmer…”
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“This is consistent with a previous report that inflammatory states disrupt GABAergic synaptic transmission while enhancing excitatory glutamatergic activity (38), which may further exacerbate the imbalance in neural circuitry associated with cognitive decline.”
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“Interestingly, cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (Santello et al., 2011; Stellwagen et al., 2005), interleukins (IL) IL-1β (Huang et al., 2011; Viviani et al., 2003), IL-6 (D'Arcangelo et al., 2000), and IL-33 (Nguyen et al., 2020), and interferons (IFNs) IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNγ…”
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“Pro-inflammatory cytokines can directly influence neuronal activity by alternating voltage-gated ion channels and increasing calcium ion permeability of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionic acid receptors, and eventually promote neuronal excitability, seizure generation, and neuronal…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stellwagen, D., Beattie, E. C., Seo, J. Y., & Malenka, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- California Pacific Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Malenka, Robert C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-03-23
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3219-3228
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6725093
- OpenAlex
- W2134209166
- Cited by
- 985
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 11.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH63394)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH065752, R37MH063394, R01MH063394, MH065752, MH63394)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Keywords
- TNF-α, AMPA receptor trafficking, receptor internalization, TNFR1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, excitotoxicity, hippocampal pyramidal neurons, inflammatory cytokines, synaptic homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Antibodies, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Drug Interactions, Electric Stimulation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Hippocampus, Immunohistochemistry, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Blotting, Western, Gene Expression, Receptors, GABA, Receptors, AMPA, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Biotinylation, Protein Transport, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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