The role of adipose tissue immune cells in obesity and low-grade inflammation
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) lies at the crossroad of nutrition, metabolism, and immunity; AT inflammation was proposed as a central mechanism connecting obesity with its metabolic and vascular complications. Resident immune cells constitute the second largest AT cellular component after adipocytes and as such play important roles in the maintenance of AT homeostasis. Obesity-induced changes in their number and activity result in the activation of local and later systemic inflammatory response, marking the transition from simple adiposity to diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. This review has focused on the various subsets of immune cells in AT and their role in the development of AT inflammation and obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Excessive fat accumulation in adipocytes can result in an imbalance in triglyceride turnover, inflammation in adipose tissue, and a consequent increase in the secretion of proinflammatory factors such as TNF-α.
“Excessive fat accumulation in the adipocytes can result in an imbalance in TG turnover, inflammation in the AT and a consequent increase in the secretion of a large number of proinflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, and others (Mraz and Haluzik, 2014).”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Mraz and Haluzik, 2014
In obesity, the immune cell profile in adipose tissue is substantially altered, with accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages, neutrophils, and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and reduction of regulatory and eosinophilic T cells.
“In obesity, the immune cell profile in AT is substantially altered, for example, there is an accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages, neutrophils, and CD8+ T lymphocytes, while regulatory and eosinophilic T cells are substantially reduced.”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Mraz and Haluzik, 2014
This altered immune cell profile in adipose tissue contributes to inflammation that culminates in the development of systemic insulin resistance.
“This process contributes to inflammation that culminates in the development of systemic insulin resistance (Osborn and Olefsky, 2012; Mraz and Haluzik, 2014).”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Mraz and Haluzik, 2014
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References 142 · Cited by 543
- Authors
- Mraz, M., & Haluzik, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2014-07-08
- Volume
- 222
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- R113-R127
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- OpenAlex
- W2124816008
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- adipose tissue, adipose tissue immune cells, obesity, low-grade inflammation, adipose tissue inflammation, adipose tissue homeostasis, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, systemic inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Lymphocytes, Obesity, Myeloid Cells
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