Relationship between human sperm motility characteristics and sperm penetration into human cervical mucus in vitro
Open accessAbstract
Summary.: A series of 100 modified Kremer tests of human sperm penetration into human cervical mucus was carried out as part of the routine investigation of couples presenting with infertility. The outcome of these tests was significantly correlated with the concentration and progressive motility of the spermatozoa in the semen sample used for the test. Other semen characteristics significantly correlated with the test result were the mean velocity of progression (Vp) and the amplitude of lateral head displacement about the axis of progression (Ah) of the progressive spermatozoa. Normal sperm morphology was also correlated with the outcome. Using these semen characteristics as the independent variables to predict the test outcome in a discriminant analysis (normal vs abnormal tests), 34·2% of the variance was accounted for. From the discriminant function equation 75·0% of the test results could be predicted correctly. In the 30 cases in which the semen samples used for the tests showed ≥ 25 × 106 progressively motile spermatozoa per ml, mean Vp of ≥ 25 μm/sec and mean Ah of ≥ 7·5 μm, 83·3% had normal test results. Conversely, all 13 cases for which the semen characteristics were below these limits had abnormal test results. Therefore, both the concentration of progressively motile spermatozoa and their movement characteristics are significant factors determining the outcome of homologous tests of human sperm–cervical mucus interaction.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The WHO manual cites older papers stating that rapid motility (grade a) has clinical value.
“To justify this choice, the WHO manual cites older papers stating that rapid motility (grade a) has clinical value [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30].”
From The Sixth Edition of the WHO Manual for Human Semen Analysis: A Critical Review and SWOT Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says that detailed evaluation of sperm motility may contribute to infertility diagnosis, and the discriminant-analysis section links movement velocity and progressively motile sperm concentration to cervical-mucus penetration test results. The paper does not identify these measures as WHO grade-a rapid motility or establish that the WHO manual cites it. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Hull, C.H. & Nie, N.H. (1981) SPSS Update 7-9. New Procedures and Facilities for Releases 7-9. McGraw- Hill Book Co., New York.
- Kremer, J. & Jager, S. (1982) Tests for the investigation of sperm-cervical mucus interaction. In Human Fertility Factors, pp. 229-243.
- Mortimer, D. (1983) Sperm transport in the human female reproductive tract. Oxford Rev. Reprod. Biol. 5,30-61.
- Mortimer, D. (1985a) The male factor in infertility: Part 1: Semen analysis. In Current Problems in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Fertility, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 1-87. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago.
- Mortimer, D. (1985b) The male factor in infertility: Part 2: Sperm function testing. In Current Problems in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Fertility, Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 1-75. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago.
- Mortimer, D. (1986) A microcomputer-based semi- automated system for human sperm movement analysis. Clin. Reprod. Fert. 4 (in press).
- Mortimer, D., Templeton, A.A., Lenton, E.A. & Coleman, R.A. (1982c) Semen analysis parameters of a popu¬ lation of suspected infertile men. In Human Fertility Factors, pp. 91-96. Eds A. Spira & P. Jouannet. INSERM, Paris.
- Nie, N.H., Hull, C.H., Jenkins, J.G., Steinbrenner, . & Bent, D.H. (1975) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. McGraw Hill, New York.
- Overstreet, J.W. (1982) Evaluation of sperm function by tests of sperm ovum interaction in vitro. In Human Fertility Factors, pp. 263-280.
- Ulstein, M. & Fjallbrant, B. (1976) In vitro tests of sperm penetration in cervical mucus. In Human Semen and Fertility Regulation in Men, pp. 383-388.
- Ed. E. S. E. Hafez. C. V. Mosby Co., St Louis.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sixth Edition of the WHO Manual for Human Semen Analysis: A Critical Review and SWOT Analysis
Boitrelle, F., Shah, R., Saleh, R., Henkel, R., Kandil, H., Chung, E., Vogiatzi, P., Zini, A., Arafa, M., & Agarwal, A. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11121368 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mortimer, D., Pandya, I. J., & Sawers, R. S.
- ORCID
- Mortimer, D.
- Venue
- Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1986-09-01
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-102
- ISSN
- 1470-1626 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-7899
- OpenAlex
- W2137772735
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- sperm motility, sperm penetration, cervical mucus, progressive motility, sperm velocity, lateral head displacement, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, male infertility, semen parameters
- MeSH terms
- Cervix Mucus, Female, Fertilization in Vitro, Humans, Male, Semen, Sperm Motility, Sperm-Ovum Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
