The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Initial Hypoglycemia and Neonatal Brain Injury in Term Infants With Severe Fetal Acidemia
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential contribution of initial hypoglycemia to the development of neonatal brain injury in term infants with severe fetal acidemia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 185 term infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 1993 and December 2002 with an umbilical arterial pH <7.00. Short-term neurologic outcome measures include death as a consequence of severe encephalopathy and evidence of moderate to severe encephalopathy with or without seizures. Hypoglycemia was defined as an initial blood glucose < or =40 mg/dL. RESULTS: Forty-one (22%) infants developed an abnormal neurologic outcome, including 14 (34%) with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy who died, 24 (59%) with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and 3 (7%) with seizures. Twenty-seven (14.5%) of the 185 infants had an initial blood sugar < or =40 mg/dL. Fifteen (56%) of 27 infants with a blood sugar < or =40 mg/dL versus 26 (16%) of 158 infants with a blood sugar >40 mg/dL had an abnormal neurologic outcome (odds ratio [OR]: 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6-15.3). Infants with abnormal outcomes and a blood sugar < or =40 mg/dL versus >40 mg/dL had a higher pH (6.86 +/- 0.07 vs 6.75 +/- 0.09), a lesser base deficit (-19 +/- 4 vs -23.8 +/- 4 mEq/L), and lower mean arterial blood pressure (34 +/- 10 vs 45 +/- 14 mm Hg), respectively. There was no difference between groups in the proportion of infants who required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (7 [46%] vs 15 [57%]) and those with a 5-minute Apgar score <5 (11 [73%] vs 22 [85%]). By multivariate logistic analysis, 4 variables were significantly associated with abnormal outcome: initial blood glucose < or =40 mg/dL versus >40 mg/dL (OR: 18.5; 95% CI: 3.1-111.9), cord arterial pH < or =6.90 versus >6.90 (OR: 9.8; 95% CI: 2.1-44.7), a 5-minute Apgar score < or =5 versus >5 (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 1.7-24.5), and the requirement for intubation with or without cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus neither (OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.2-17.9). CONCLUSION: Initial hypoglycemia is an important risk factor for perinatal brain injury, particularly in depressed term infants who require resuscitation and have severe fetal acidemia. It remains unclear, however, whether earlier detection of hypoglycemia, such as in the delivery room, in this population could modify subsequent neurologic outcome.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Emerging evidence highlights that factors such as hypocapnia, hyperoxia, extreme fluctuations in blood pressure and glucose are associated with worse outcomes in this population (1, 4–8).”
From Lab values in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy over time during and after therapeutic hypothermia (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
Volpe, J. J. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 2,859
Neonatal Encephalopathy Following Fetal Distress
Sarnat, H. B. (1976) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1976.00500100030012 · Cited by 2,691
Clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn infant
Dubowitz, L. M. S., Dubowitz, V., & Goldberg, C. (1970) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(70)80038-5 · Cited by 2,230
Ketone-body utilization by adult and suckling rat brain in vivo
Hawkins, R. A., Williamson, D. H., & Krebs, H. A. (1971) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1220013 · Cited by 599
Hochachka, P. W., & Mommsen, T. P. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6298937 · Cited by 572
Quantitative Bacteriology of Amniotic Fluid from Women with Clinical Intraamniotic Infection at Term
Gibbs, R. S., Blanco, J., Clair, P. J. S., & Castañeda, Y. S. (1982) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/145.1.1 · Cited by 552
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Delivery Room
Perlman, J. M. (1995) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170130022005 · Cited by 401
Self-citationGoldaber, K. G., Gilstrap, L. C., Leveno, K. J., Dax, J. S., & McIntire, D. D. (1991) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90759-k · Cited by 341
Eyes on the present and looking into the future
Piva, J. P., & Garcia, P. C. R. (2001) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.2223/jped.98 · Cited by 280
Cremer, J. E., Cunningham, V. J., Pardridge, W. M., Braun, L. D., & Oldendorf, W. H. (1979) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb05173.x · Cited by 263
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Goldaber KG, Gilstrap KC, Leveno KC, et al. Pathologic fetal acidemia. Obstet Gynecol.1991;78:1103–1106
Cited by
Sorted by citations
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 1. Executive summary
Nolan, J. P., Soar, J., Zideman, D. A., Biarent, D., Bossaert, L. L., Deakin, C. D., Koster, R. W., Wyllie, J. P., & Böttiger, B. W. (2010) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.021 · Cited by 1,410
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015
Perkins, G. D., Handley, A. J., Koster, R. W., Castrén, M. K., Smyth, M. A., Olasveengen, T. M., Monsieurs, K. G., Raffay, V. I., Gräsner, J., Wenzel, V., et al. (2015) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015 · Cited by 1,339
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005
Soar, J., Deakin, C. D., Nolan, J. P., Abbas, G., Alfonzo, A. V. M., Handley, A. J., Lockey, D., Perkins, G. D., & Thies, K. (2005) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.10.004 · Cited by 831
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Review for the Clinician
Douglas-Escobar, M., & Weiss, M. D. (2015) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3269 · Cited by 778
Lanken, P. N., Terry, P. B., DeLisser, H. M., Fahy, B. F., Hansen-Flaschen, J. H., Heffner, J. E., Levy, M. M., Mularski, R. A., Osborne, M. L., Prendergast, T. J., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200605-587st · Cited by 725
Metadata
- Authors
- Salhab, W. A., Wyckoff, M. H., Laptook, A. R., & Perlman, J. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2004-08-01
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 361-366
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2041993276
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 10.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Keywords
- neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal brain injury, fetal acidemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, term infants, umbilical arterial pH, neonatal neurologic outcome, seizures, base deficit, mean arterial pressure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Apgar score, neonatal intensive care, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal acid-base status, neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
- MeSH terms
- Acidosis, Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Hypoglycemia, Infant, Newborn, Retrospective Studies, Seizures, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
