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Cited by 222Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumSexual Differentiation and Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prenatal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Factors Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Bilder, Deborah, Pinborough-Zimmerman, Judith, Miller, Judith, McMahon, William·2009·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-0927
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE. To investigate prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorders by using participants identified through broad ascertainment and reliable classification methods. METHODS. The targeted population was 8-year-old children born in 1994 and residing in 1 of the 3 most populous counties in Utah who were identified as having an autism spectrum disorder on the basis of methodology used by the 2002 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Of those identified, 132 children (115 boys, 17 girls) had birth certificate records available. Each child was matched by gender and birth year to 100 controls (11 500 boys, 1700 girls) from the birth certificate database in a nested case-control design. Birth certificate records of participants and controls were surveyed for 23 potentially pathologic prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors. RESULTS. The prenatal factors that occurred significantly more frequently among children with autism spectrum disorders were advanced maternal age and parity. Increased duration of education among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders was small but statistically significant. Significant perinatal factors were breech presentation and primary cesarean delivery. When corrected for breech presentation, a known indication for cesarean delivery, the association between primary cesarean delivery and autism spectrum disorders was eliminated. There were no significant associations found between autism spectrum disorders and neonatal factors. CONCLUSIONS. In the absence of other complications suggesting fetal distress, the association between breech presentation and autism spectrum disorders in this study suggests a shared etiology rather than causal relationship. Additional investigation focused on both genetic and environmental factors that link these autism spectrum disorder risk factors individually or collectively is needed.

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Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2008-0927

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Metadata

Authors
Bilder, D., Pinborough-Zimmerman, J., Miller, J., & McMahon, W.
Affiliations
  • University of Utah (US)
  • Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
ORCID
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2009-05-01
Volume
123
Issue
5
Pages
1293-1300
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2008-0927
OpenAlex
W2016505872
Cited by
222
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
FWCI
7.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (UR3/CCU822365)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, prenatal risk factors, perinatal risk factors, neonatal risk factors, advanced maternal age, parity, maternal education, breech presentation, cesarean section, autism etiology
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Child, Female, Humans, Maternal Age, Parity, Population Surveillance, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Utah, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies

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