Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in pregnancy and infant neuropsychological development
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentration in pregnancy is associated with neuropsychological development in infants. METHODS: The Spanish population-based cohort study INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project recruited pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy between November 2003 and February 2008. Completed data on 1820 mother-infant pairs were used. Maternal plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in pregnancy (mean 13.5±2.1 weeks of gestation). Offspring mental and psychomotor scores were assessed by trained psychologists at age 14 months (range, 11–23) by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. β-Coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mental and psychomotor scores associated with continuous or categorical concentrations of maternal plasma 25(OH)D3 were calculated by using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The median plasma value of 25(OH)D3 in pregnancy was 29.6 ng/mL (interquartile range, 21.8–37.3). A positive linear relationship was found between circulating concentrations of maternal 25(OH)D3 concentrations in pregnancy and mental and psychomotor scores in the offspring. After adjustment for potential confounders, infants of mothers with 25(OH)D3 concentrations in pregnancy >30 ng/mL showed higher mental score (β = 2.60; 95% CI 0.63–4.56) and higher psychomotor score (β = 2.32; 95% CI 0.36–4.28) in comparison with those of mothers with 25(OH)D3 concentrations <20 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Higher circulating concentration of maternal 25(OH)D3 in pregnancy was associated with improved mental and psychomotor development in infants.
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At follow-up, the sample size was smaller (n = 178) and the attrition rate was higher (70%) in the Gale et al. study than in the Whitehouse et al. and Morales et al. studies (n = 412 and 50% and n = 1826 and 25%, respectively).
“At the follow-up, the sample size was smaller (n = 178) and the attrition rate was higher (70%) in the Gale et al. study [104] than the Whitehouse et al. and Morales et al. studies (n = 412 and 50% and n = 1826 and 25%, respectively) [94,103].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [103]
Maternal 25(OH)D concentration >75 nmol/L in pregnancy was associated with increased mental and psychomotor scores in infants at 14 months compared to those with 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L.
“Maternal 25(OH)D concentration >75 nmol/L in pregnancy was associated with increased mental and psychomotor scores in infants at 14 months compared to those with 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L [103].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [103]
Whitehouse et al. (2012) and Morale et al. (2012) showed that lower maternal 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy (weeks 18 and 13.5, respectively) was associated with more language difficulties and mental and psychomotor outcomes in offspring, respectively.
“Consistent with these findings, Whitehouse et al. (2012) and Morale et al. (2012) also showed that lower maternal 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy (weeks 18 and 13.5, respectively) was associated with more language difficulties and mental and psychomotor outcomes in offspring, respectively [94,103].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [103]
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References 47 · Cited by 140
- Authors
- Morales, E., Guxens, M., Llop, S., Rodríguez-Bernal, C. L., Tardón, A., Riaño, I., Ibarluzea, J., Lertxundi, N., Espada, M., Rodriguez, A., & Sunyer, J.
- Affiliations
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ES)
- Universidad de Oviedo (ES)
- Servicio de Pediatria, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, Spain;
- Basque Government (ES)
- University of the Basque Country (ES)
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Public Health Laboratory of Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain;
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; and
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2012-10-01
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e913-e920
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2034422402
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Consultation of the Doctoral Thesis Database (TESEO) (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, infant cognitive development, infant psychomotor development, Bayley Scales of Infant Development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Calcifediol, Child Development, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance, Vitamin D Deficiency, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Young Adult
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