Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach
Open accessAbstract
Health disparities in the United States related to socioeconomic status are persistent and pervasive. This review highlights how social disadvantage, particularly low socioeconomic status and the health burden it brings, is passed from 1 generation to the next. First, we review current frameworks for understanding the intergenerational transmission of health disparities and provide 4 illustrative examples relevant to child health, development, and well-being. Second, the leading strategy to break the cycle of poverty in young families in the United States, the 2-generation approach, is reviewed. Finally, we propose a new 3-generation approach that must combine with the 2-generation approach to interrupt the intergenerational cycle of disadvantage and eliminate health disparities.
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Early life poverty contributes to intergenerational cycles of poverty and transmission of mental and physical health risks.
“early life poverty contributes to intergenerational cycles of poverty and transmission of mental and physical health risks173.”
From Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management (2023) · cites this paper as [173]
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References 94 · Cited by 124
- Authors
- Cheng, T. L., Johnson, S. B., & Goodman, E.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Tina L.
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2016-06-01
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC4894258
- OpenAlex
- W2346431429
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P20MD000198)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Child and Adolescent Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- intergenerational disadvantage, health disparities, socioeconomic status, low socioeconomic status, child health, child development, child well-being, poverty cycle, young families
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Delivery of Health Care, Education, Nonprofessional, Humans, Poverty, Social Class, United States, Parenting, Intergenerational Relations, Health Status Disparities
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