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Pediatric Solid Tumors in Children and Adolescents: An Overview
Abstract
1. Wendy Allen-Rhoades, MD* 2. Sarah B. Whittle, MD, MS* 3. Nino Rainusso, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX * Abbreviations: 131I: : iodine 131 AFP: : α-fetoprotein β-HCG: : β-human chorionic gonadotropin CT: : computed tomography EWS: : Ewing sarcoma GCT: : germ cell tumor MRI: : magnetic resonance imaging OS: : osteosarcoma PTC: : papillary thyroid cancer SNL: : sentinel lymph node XP: : xeroderma pigmentosum Pediatricians should recognize the role of age, genetic conditions, and environmental exposures in the development of malignant solid tumors in children and adolescents. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Identify the signs and symptoms of extracranial germ cell tumors, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, thyroid cancer, and melanoma in pediatric patients. 2. Identify the genetic conditions and environmental exposures associated with different cancer types in adolescents. 3. Recognize general aspects of the multidisciplinary treatment approach in patients with extracranial germ cell tumors, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, thyroid cancer, and melanoma. Although hematologic and central nervous system malignancies continue to be the most common cancers in adolescents, extracranial malignant solid tumors represent, as a group, 52% of cancers in patients in the 15- to 19-year-old age group (Fig 1). The tumor distribution of malignant pediatric solid tumors in adolescents is different compared with that of younger children, in whom embryonal or developmental cancers, such as retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, or hepatoblastoma, are more prevalent. The most common malignant solid tumors in adolescents are extracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs), bone and soft tissue sarcomas, melanoma, and thyroid cancer. The diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with cancer also have particular challenges related to patient age, such as adherence to therapy, need for psychological support, concerns about body image, and fertility preservation. In this review, we offer a general description of the clinical presentation and treatment of the most common malignant pediatric solid tumors in adolescents. Figure 1. Distribution of pediatric cancers in adolescents aged …
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“Among childhood malignancies, pediatric sarcomas including Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma represent a biologically heterogeneous group of aggressive solid tumors with a persistently high risk of relapse and metastatic progression [2,3,4,5].”
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Allen-Rhoades, W., Whittle, S. B., & Rainusso, N.
- Affiliations
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics In Review
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2018-09-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 444-453
- ISSN
- 0191-9601 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-3347
- OpenAlex
- W2888798596
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pediatrics in Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (K12CA090433)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Testicular diseases and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
- Keywords
- pediatric solid tumors, adolescents, extracranial germ cell tumors, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pediatric thyroid cancer, pediatric melanoma, bone and soft tissue sarcoma, genetic susceptibility to cancer, environmental exposure, multidisciplinary cancer care, fertility preservation, medication adherence, body image concern, xeroderma pigmentosum
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Neoplasms, Pediatrics
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