The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transgender Identity and Experiences of Violence Victimization, Substance Use, Suicide Risk, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students—19 States and Large Urban School Districts, 2017
Open accessAbstract
) experience disparities in violence victimization, substance use, suicide risk, and sexual risk compared with their cisgender peers (those whose gender identity does align with their sex) (1-3). Yet few large-scale assessments of these disparities among high school students exist. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is conducted biennially among local, state, and nationally representative samples of U.S. high school students in grades 9-12. In 2017, 10 states (Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin) and nine large urban school districts (Boston, Broward County, Cleveland, Detroit, District of Columbia, Los Angeles, New York City, San Diego, San Francisco) piloted a measure of transgender identity. Using pooled data from these 19 sites, the prevalence of transgender identity was assessed, and relationships between transgender identity and violence victimization, substance use, suicide risk, and sexual risk behaviors were evaluated using logistic regression. Compared with cisgender males and cisgender females, transgender students were more likely to report violence victimization, substance use, and suicide risk, and, although more likely to report some sexual risk behaviors, were also more likely to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These findings indicate a need for intervention efforts to improve health outcomes among transgender youths.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Regarding gender identity, 53% of transgender young people felt sad or hopeless almost every day for at least 2 weeks in the past year, compared to 30% of cisgender young people [4].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Compared to their heterosexual peers, LGB young people are about three times more likely to have thought about suicide (15% vs. 43%, respectively), three times more likely to have made a plan for suicide (12% vs. 38%), and five times more likely to have attempted suicide (7% vs. 35%) [4].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is unsurprising given the national prevalence data showing over half of LGBTQ young people experienced depressive symptoms at significantly higher rates compared to cisgender heterosexual young people [3,4].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Depression is a debilitating and burdensome mental health disorder that disproportionately affects young people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) [1,2,3,4].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Compared to their heterosexual peers, LGB young people are about three times more likely to have thought about suicide (15% vs. 43%, respectively), three times more likely to have made a plan for suicide (12% vs. 38%), and five times more likely to have attempted suicide (7% vs. 35%) [4].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Compared to their heterosexual peers, LGB young people are about three times more likely to have thought about suicide (15% vs. 43%, respectively), three times more likely to have made a plan for suicide (12% vs. 38%), and five times more likely to have attempted suicide (7% vs. 35%) [4].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Almeida, J., Johnson, R. M., Corliss, H. L., Molnar, B. E., & Azrael, D. R. (2009) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9397-9 · Cited by 968
Reisner, S. L., Vetters, R., Leclerc, M., Zaslow, S., Wolfrum, S. G., Shumer, D. E., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.264 · Cited by 702
Reisner, S. L., Greytak, E. A., Parsons, J. T., & Ybarra, M. L. (2015) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.886321 · Cited by 513
Minority stress and the health of sexual minorities
Meyer, I. H., & Frost, D. M. (2012) · Handbook of Psychology and Sexual Orientation · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765218.003.0018 · Cited by 412
Development, Risk, and Resilience of Transgender Youth
Stieglitz, K. A. (2010) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2009.08.004 · Cited by 140
School absenteeism and mental health among sexual minority youth and heterosexual youth
Burton, C. M., Marshal, M. P., & Chisolm, D. J. (2014) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2013.12.001 · Cited by 112
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–749 of 749
Johnson, S. R., Jaffe, A., Wanta, J. W., Janssen, A. C., Coyne, C. A., Lorenz, D. J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.08.440
Intégration d’une dimension de genre dans les politiques en matière de drogues
(2023) · Points de vue sur la jeunesse · doi:10.3917/europ.mutat.2023.01.0112
Interrupting Cissexism and Binary Conceptualizations of Gender/Sex in Therapy
Bettergarcia, J. N., Matsuno, E. G., Wang, Y.-C., Pehl, E. P., & Galupo, M. P. (2025) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92836-9_11
Paceley, M. S., McGeough, B. L., Ananda, J., Pearson, J., Harrop, E. N., Evans, S., Gleason, T., Hamor, L., & Riquino, M. R. (2025) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/29933021.2025.2580648
Utaka, E. N., Yang, X., Shi, F., Xia, H., Li, Q., Yelton, B., Friedman, D. B., Donelle, L., & Li, X. (2025) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-025-04895-5
Rentería, R., Dyar, C., Macaulay, T., Watson, R. J., & Feinstein, B. A. (2025) · Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health · doi:10.1891/lgbtq-2024-0032
Tuffield, D., Smith-Holmquist, N., McCormick, S. J., & Benton, M. J. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.003
O’Brien, R. P., Yu, K. R. T., Cederbaum, J. A., Ferguson, L., Goldbach, J. T., Rhoades, H., & Blosnich, J. R. (2025) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.70100
Marconi, E., Monti, L., Marfoli, A., Kotzalidis, G. D., Janiri, D., Cianfriglia, C., Moriconi, F., Costa, S., Veredice, C., Sani, G., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26618911
Rusow, J. A., Hidalgo, M. A., Calvetti, S., Quint, M., Wu, S., Bray, B. C., & Kipke, M. D. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22600933
Mirzaei, S., Mehrolhassani, M. H., Yazdi‐Feyzabadi, V., Jahanara, A., Haghdoost, A. A., & Oroomiei, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26231429
Mirzaei, S., Mehrolhassani, M. H., Yazdi‐Feyzabadi, V., Jahanara, A., Haghdoost, A. A., & Oroomiei, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26231259
Tubman, J. G., Galo, G. E., Do, T., Moore, C. Y., & McAleer, K. M. (2025) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-025-01033-6
Snethen, J., Greenberg, C. S., Foli, K. J., Greenberg, E., Burke, P. J., & VanGraafeiland, B. (2025) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2025.102624
Kreider, S. L., Harrison, L. E., Reece‐Nguyen, T. L., & Groenewald, C. B. (2025) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2025.2601834
Flores, D. D., Webster, J. L., Casison, A., Agudo, F. A., Choi, S. K., Bond, K. T., & McGaughey, G. (2026) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2025.102677
Ergenlerde Cinsiyet Hoşnutsuzluğu
Dağ, H., & Baş, F. (2020) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Hotchkiss, M. E., Onasch‐Vera, L., Koumoundouros, O., & Rice, E. (2026) · Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless · doi:10.1080/10530789.2026.2624149
Allen, J. L., Yett, A. L., Saxon, S., Houston, K., Mitchell, M., Tarrh, C., Boyd, D. T., Williams, A. T., & Quinn, C. R. (2026) · The Journal of Men s Studies · doi:10.1177/10608265261427183
Do We Need to Queer ELT Pedagogy in India?
Lata, P., & Singh, K. (2023) · Journal of English Language Teaching · doi:10.66121/7sxj4n27
Smith, K. A. B., Srinivasan, S., Guenette, C., & Russon, J. (2026) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.70120
Identity Challenges of Gender-Dissatisfied Adolescents: A Phenomenological Study
Vakili, M., Hajhosseini, M., & Javaheri, A. (2025) · Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences · doi:10.34172/jqr.1488
Noriega, M., Ramirez-Miranda, J., Whaley, R. C., & Hoskins, D. (2026) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-026-00836-z
LGBTQ+ youth perceptions of barriers to physical activity and sport: a mixed methods study
Nieman, C. V., Flory, S. B., Cavazos-Wylie, R., & Burger, L. (2026) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2026.2639532
Safety Framing: How LGBTQ+ Southerners Define Social Space as Safe or Unsafe
McGee, H. S. (2026) · Sex & Sexualities · doi:10.1177/30333717261429473
A Pragmatic Proposal for Women’s Sports
Yuracko, K. A. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009649216.006
Khosravi, M., Tusconi, M., Noor, I. M., Hsu, C.-Y., Sahoo, S., Aminov, Z., & Mishra, S. (2026) · Mental Wellness · doi:10.4081/mw.2026.42
Boyd, D. T., Oh, H. Y., Patterson, A., Weaver, A., Durkee, M. I., & Quinn, C. R. (2026) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.70185
Kaplan, S. G., Grubb, E., Ballard, D., & Arnold, E. M. (2026) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2026.2672661
Powers, E. A., Lee, M., Uribe, A. C., & Galano, M. M. (2026) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-026-00893-4
Gamarel, K. E., Jadwin-Cakmak, L. A., King, W. M., Ubong, I.-A., Everhart, A. R., Monro, D., Stephenson, J., Best, J. N., Scott, K., Strunk, S. N., et al. (2026) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaag027
Lu, Z. (2026) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2026.2682505
Ralston, A. L., & Olezeski, C. L. (2026) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1177/21694826261458333
Männlichkeitsnormen als Implementationsbarriere für Mobbingund Gewaltprävention in Schulen
Hotopp, H., & Scheithauer, H. (2026) · Trauma Kultur Gesellschaft · doi:10.30820/2752-2121-2026-2-9
LGBTQIA+: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, and More
Abrams, M. P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-24174-0_17
Topper, P. S., Wesler, J., Choi, S. K., Lemmons, S., Freeman, L., & Marshall, J. (2026) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2026.2700319
Musachio, D., Settles, C., Hong, S., Curtius, K., Perry, W., Walsh, C. G., & Sitapati, A. M. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.07.25.26358793
Taurino, A., Nicois, F., Bottalico, M., Semeraro, C., & Verri, V. (2026) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2026.2680479
Hobson, S., Krygsman, A., Brittain, H. L., Roy, A. K., & Vaillancourt, T. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13081066
Doyle, M. (2025) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · doi:10.56902/etdcrp.2025.183
Perfiles clínico-relacionales y cambio temprano en psicoterapia con adolescentes transgénero
Vidal-Rojas, J., Lobos, M. J., & Fuentes, P. (2026) · Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana · doi:10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.16410
Stachenfeld, N. S., Leone, C. A., & WEINZIMER, S. A. (2026) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00519.2026
Garcia, A. N., Toomey, R. B., & Abreu, R. L. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16101756
Dobson-Seo, B. F., Silva, S. G., Mulawa, M. I., Wirtz, A. L., Reisner, S. L., Cole, S. W., Adams, D., Brown, C., Miller, M., & Poteat, T. (2026) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2026.100715
Çalışkan, Y., Haşimoğlu, A., Caliskan, M., & Sandıkçı, T. (2026) · Medical Research Reports · doi:10.55517/mrr.2000560
Jordan, S. W., Chen, D., Sandepudi, K., Kelley, E., Roblee, C. V., Haddad, B., Krausse, A., Ascha, M., Simons, L. K., Gangopadhyay, N., et al. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.08.016
Inclusive Queer Identities and Teen Dating Violence: Are All Youth at Equal Risk?
Rangazas, G. A. (2026) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x261500112
First sexual experiences of youth in Canada: A national survey
Prine-Munroe, M., Byers, S. E., Wood, J., & McKay, A. S. (2026) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs-2025-0071
Metadata
- Authors
- Johns, M. M., Lowry, R., Andrzejewski, J., Barrios, L. C., Demissie, Z., McManus, T., Rasberry, C. N., Robin, L., & Underwood, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johns, Michelle M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2019-01-25
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 67-71
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC6348759
- OpenAlex
- W2911994102
- Cited by
- 746
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 29
- FWCI
- 119.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA023356)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Sexuality, and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Keywords
- transgender identity, transgender youth, violent victimization, substance use, suicide risk, sexual risk behavior, HIV testing, high school students, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, urban school districts
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Risk, Risk-Taking, Schools, Sexual Behavior, Students, Suicide, United States, Urban Population, Violence, Crime Victims, Substance-Related Disorders, Transgender Persons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
